debian-history 13.4: Please update the PO translation for the package debian-history

[Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>]

Hi,

You are noted as the last translator of the translation for
debian-history. The English template has been slightly changed, and now 
some messages are marked "fuzzy" in your translation or are missing.
I would be grateful if you could take the time and update it.
Please send the updated file to me, or submit it as a wishlist bug
against debian-history.

The deadline for receiving the updated translation is
2025-05-14.

Thanks in advance,

                Helge
-- 
      Dr. Helge Kreutzmann                     debian@helgefjell.de
           Dipl.-Phys.                   http://www.helgefjell.de/debian.php
        64bit GNU powered                     gpg signed mail preferred
           Help keep free software "libre": http://www.ffii.de/

# French translation of the project-history web page
# Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Debian French l10n Team <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>
# This file is distributed under the same license as the debian-history package.
#
# Jérôme Rousselot <r.jerome@francemel.com>, 1998.
# Patrice Karatchentzeff <p.karatchentzeff@free.fr>, 2000.
# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@enst-bretagne.fr>, 2005, 2006.
# Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>, 2010, 2012, 2013.
# Christian Perrier <bubulle@debian.org>, 2013.
# Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>, 2017, 2019
# Jean-Pierre Giraud <jean-pierregiraud@neuf.fr>, 2024-2025.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: 2.13\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-05-04 15:23+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-04-23 11:27+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jean-Pierre Giraud <jean-pierregiraud@neuf.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: utf-8\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 22.12.3\n"

#. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
#: project-history.en.dbk:8
msgid "en"
msgstr "fr"

#. type: Content of: <book><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:10
msgid "A Brief History of Debian"
msgstr "Bref historique de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><releaseinfo>
#: project-history.en.dbk:14
msgid "version: &pubversion; (&pubdate;)"
msgstr "version : &pubversion; (&pubdate;)"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:18
msgid "This document describes the history and goals of the Debian project."
msgstr "Ce document décrit l'histoire et les objectifs du projet Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice>
#: project-history.en.dbk:24
msgid ""
"<copyright> <year>1999-2020</year> <holder> <personname>Debian Documentation "
"Team</personname> <email>debian-doc@lists.debian.org</email> </holder> </"
"copyright> <copyright> <year>2023</year> <holder> <personname>Debian "
"Publicity Team</personname> <email>debian-publicity@lists.debian.org</email> "
"</holder> </copyright>"
msgstr ""
"<copyright> <year>1999-2020</year> <holder> <personname>Debian Documentation "
"Team</personname> <email>debian-doc@lists.debian.org</email> </holder> </"
"copyright> <copyright> <year>2023-2024</year> <holder> <personname>Debian "
"Publicity Team</personname> <email>debian-publicity@lists.debian.org</email> "
"</holder> </copyright>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><authorgroup><author><personname>
#: project-history.en.dbk:41
msgid "Debian Publicity Team"
msgstr "Équipe publicité de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><authorgroup><author><email>
#: project-history.en.dbk:41
msgid "debian-publicity@lists.debian.org"
msgstr "debian-publicity@lists.debian.org"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:45
msgid ""
"This document may be freely redistributed or modified in any form provided "
"your changes are clearly documented."
msgstr ""
"Ce document peut être librement redistribué ou modifié tant que vos "
"modifications sont clairement mentionnées."

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:48
msgid ""
"This document may be redistributed for fee or free, and may be modified "
"(including translation from one type of media or file format to another or "
"from one spoken language to another) provided that all changes from the "
"original are clearly marked as such."
msgstr ""
"Ce document peut être redistribué contre paiement ou gratuitement, et peut "
"être modifié (sont concernées les conversions d'un type de média ou de "
"format de fichier vers un autre ainsi que les traductions d'une langue vers "
"une autre), pourvu que vos modifications soient clairement indiquées comme "
"telles."

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:54
msgid "Significant contributions were made to this document by"
msgstr ""
"Les contributions significatives à l'élaboration du présent document ont été "
"faites par :"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:59
msgid "Javier Fernández-Sanguino <email>jfs@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Javier Fernández-Sanguino <email>jfs@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:64
msgid "Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:69
msgid "Hartmut Koptein <email>koptein@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Hartmut Koptein <email>koptein@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:74
msgid "Nils Lohner <email>lohner@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Nils Lohner <email>lohner@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:79
msgid "Will Lowe <email>lowe@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Will Lowe <email>lowe@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:84
msgid "Bill Mitchell <email>Bill.Mitchell@pobox.com</email>"
msgstr "Bill Mitchell <email>Bill.Mitchell@pobox.com</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:89
msgid "Ian Murdock"
msgstr "Ian Murdock"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:94
msgid "Martin Schulze <email>joey@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Martin Schulze <email>joey@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:99
msgid "Craig Small <email>csmall@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Craig Small <email>csmall@debian.org</email>"

#
#
#.  978-0-123456-47-2 is a phony ISBN. It's needed to make sure that the
#. package is reproducible (to make xsltproc to always generate the same IDs
#. in the <dc:identifier ...>_idm45693929660992</dc:identifier>
#. See full explanation of the fix investigated by Chris Lamb:
#. https://alioth-lists.debian.net/pipermail/reproducible-builds/Week-of-Mon-20250303/015033.html
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
#: project-history.en.dbk:106
msgid "  <biblioid class=\"isbn\">978-0-123456-47-2</biblioid>"
msgstr "  <biblioid class=\"isbn\">978-0-123456-47-2</biblioid>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:118
msgid "Introduction -- What is the Debian Project?"
msgstr "Introduction — Qu'est-ce que le Projet Debian ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:120
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/\";>The Debian Project</ulink> is a "
"worldwide group of volunteers who endeavor to produce an operating system "
"distribution that is composed entirely of free software.  The principle "
"product of the project to date is the Debian GNU/Linux software "
"distribution, which includes the Linux operating system kernel, and "
"thousands of prepackaged applications.  Various processor types are "
"supported to one extent or another, including 32 and 64 bit x86, ARM, MIPS, "
"PowerPC and IBM S/390."
msgstr ""
"Le <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/\";>projet Debian</ulink> est un "
"groupe mondial de volontaires qui s'efforcent de produire un système "
"d'exploitation qui soit composé exclusivement de logiciels libres. Le "
"principal produit de ce projet est la distribution Debian GNU/Linux, qui "
"inclut le noyau Linux ainsi que des milliers d'applications préempaquetées. "
"Divers types de processeurs sont gérés à des degrés divers, en incluant les "
"architectures x86 32 ou 64 bits, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC et IBM S/390."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:129
msgid ""
"Debian motivated the formation of <ulink url=\"https://www.spi-inc.org/";
"\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.,</ulink> a New York-based non-"
"profit organization.  SPI was founded to help Debian and other similar "
"organizations develop and distribute open hardware and software.  Among "
"other things, SPI provides a mechanism by which The Debian Project may "
"accept contributions that are tax deductible in the United States."
msgstr ""
"Debian a encouragé la formation de <ulink url=\"https://www.spi-inc.orgi/";
"\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.,</ulink> une organisation à but non "
"lucratif basée à New York. SPI a été fondée pour aider Debian et d'autres "
"organisations similaires à développer et distribuer du matériel et des "
"programmes ouverts. Entre autres, SPI fournit un mécanisme permettant au "
"Projet Debian d'accepter des dons qui peuvent être défiscalisés aux États-"
"Unis d'Amérique."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:137
msgid ""
"For more information about free software, see the <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/social_contract\">Debian Social Contract</ulink> and "
"associated Debian Free Software Guidelines, or the <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/intro/free\">Debian What Does Free Mean?</ulink> page."
msgstr ""
"Pour en apprendre davantage sur le logiciel libre, vous pouvez lire la page "
"du <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/social_contract\";>Contrat social de "
"Debian</ulink> ainsi que le document associé des directives pour le logiciel "
"libre Debian ou encore la page <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/intro/";
"free\">Que signifie libre pour Debian ?</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:144
msgid "In the Beginning"
msgstr "Au début"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:146
msgid ""
"The Debian Project was officially founded by Ian Murdock on <ulink "
"url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebianHistory?";
"action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=Debian-"
"announcement-1993.txt\">August 16th, 1993</ulink>.  (There is also a <ulink "
"url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebianHistory?";
"action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=Debian-announcement-1993-pic-by-"
"Ian_Murdock.png\">scanned printout</ulink> of that announcement.) At that "
"time, the whole concept of a \"distribution\" of Linux was new.  Ian "
"intended Debian to be a distribution which would be made openly, in the "
"spirit of Linux and GNU (read his manifesto provided as an appendix to this "
"document for more details).  The creation of Debian was sponsored by the "
"FSF's GNU project for one year (November 1994 to November 1995)."
msgstr ""
"Le Projet Debian a été officiellement fondé par Ian Murdock le <ulink "
"url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebianHistory?";
"action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=Debian-"
"announcement-1993.txt\">16 août 1993</ulink> (il existe également un <ulink "
"url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebianHistory?";
"action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=Debian-announcement-1993-pic-by-"
"Ian_Murdock.png\">document numérisé</ulink> de cette annonce). À cette "
"époque, le concept même de « distribution Linux » était totalement novateur. "
"Ian souhaitait que Debian soit une distribution construite de manière "
"ouverte, dans l'esprit du développement du noyau Linux et de GNU (lisez son "
"manifeste fourni en appendice à ce document pour en connaître davantage). La "
"création de Debian a été parrainée par le Projet GNU de la FSF pendant une "
"année (novembre 1994 à novembre 1995)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:158
msgid ""
"Debian was meant to be carefully and conscientiously put together, and to be "
"maintained and supported with similar care.  It started as a small, tightly-"
"knit group of Free Software hackers, and gradually grew to become a large, "
"well-organized community of developers and users."
msgstr ""
"Debian voulait être élaborée soigneusement et consciencieusement, entretenue "
"et gérée avec autant d'attention. Cela a commencé par un petit groupe de "
"hackers du logiciel libre qui a grandi pour devenir une grande communauté "
"organisée de développeurs et d'utilisateurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:164
msgid ""
"When it began, Debian was the only distribution that was open for every "
"developer and user to contribute their work.  It remains the most "
"significant distributor of Linux that is not a commercial entity.  It is the "
"only large project with a constitution, social contract, and policy "
"documents to organize the project.  Debian is also the only distribution "
"which is \"micro packaged\" using detailed dependency information regarding "
"inter-package relationships to ensure system consistency across upgrades."
msgstr ""
"À ses débuts, Debian était la seule distribution ouverte aux contributions "
"de tout développeur ou utilisateur. C'est toujours le seul distributeur "
"Linux majeur qui ne soit pas une entité commerciale. C'est le seul projet "
"important disposant d'une constitution, d'un contrat social et de chartes "
"pour organiser le projet. Debian est également la seule distribution "
"« microempaquetée » utilisant des informations détaillées sur les "
"dépendances entre les paquets, afin d'assurer la cohérence du système lors "
"des mises à jour."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:173
msgid ""
"To achieve and maintain high standards of quality, Debian has adopted an "
"extensive set of policies and procedures for packaging and delivering "
"software.  These standards are backed up by tools, automation, and "
"documentation implementing all of Debian's key elements in an open and "
"visible way."
msgstr ""
"Pour atteindre et maintenir de hauts standards de qualité, Debian a adopté "
"un vaste ensemble de chartes et de procédures pour l'empaquetage et la mise "
"à disposition des logiciels. Ces standards s'appuient sur des outils, de "
"l'automatisation et de la documentation qui implémentent tous les éléments "
"clés de Debian d'une manière ouverte et transparente."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:180
msgid "Pronouncing Debian"
msgstr "Comment prononcer Debian ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:182
msgid ""
"The official pronunciation of Debian is 'deb ee n'.  The name comes from the "
"names of the creator of Debian, Ian Murdock, and his wife, Debra."
msgstr ""
"La prononciation officielle de Debian est « déb-yann ». Le nom tire son "
"origine des prénoms du créateur de Debian, Ian Murdock, et de son épouse, "
"Debra."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:189
msgid "Leadership"
msgstr "Chefs du projet Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:191
msgid "Debian has had several leaders since its beginnings in 1993."
msgstr "Debian a eu plusieurs dirigeants depuis ses débuts en 1993."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:194
msgid "Ian Murdock founded Debian in August 1993 and led it until March 1996."
msgstr ""
"Ian Murdock a fondé Debian en août 1993 et a mené le projet jusqu'en "
"mars 1996."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:197
msgid "Bruce Perens led Debian from April 1996 until December 1997."
msgstr "Bruce Perens a dirigé Debian d'avril 1996 à décembre 1997."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:200
msgid "Ian Jackson led Debian from January 1998 until December 1998."
msgstr "Ian Jackson a dirigé Debian de janvier 1998 à décembre 1998."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:203
msgid "Wichert Akkerman led Debian from January 1999 until March 2001."
msgstr "Wichert Akkerman a dirigé Debian de janvier 1999 à mars 2001."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:206
msgid "Ben Collins led Debian from April 2001 until April 2002."
msgstr "Ben Collins a dirigé Debian d'avril 2001 à avril 2002."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:209
msgid "Bdale Garbee led Debian from April 2002 until April 2003."
msgstr "Bdale Garbee a dirigé Debian d'avril 2002 à avril 2003."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:212
msgid "Martin Michlmayr led Debian from March 2003 until March 2005."
msgstr "Martin Michlmayr a dirigé Debian de mars 2003 à mars 2005."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:215
msgid "Branden Robinson led Debian from April 2005 until April 2006."
msgstr "Branden Robinson a dirigé Debian d'avril 2005 à avril 2006."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:218
msgid "Anthony Towns led Debian from April 2006 until April 2007."
msgstr "Anthony Towns a dirigé Debian d'avril 2006 à avril 2007."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:221
msgid "Sam Hocevar led Debian from April 2007 until April 2008."
msgstr "Sam Hocevar a dirigé Debian d'avril 2007 à avril 2008."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:224
msgid "Steve McIntyre led Debian from April 2008 until April 2010."
msgstr "Steve McIntyre a dirigé Debian d'avril 2008 à avril 2010."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:227
msgid "Stefano Zacchiroli led Debian from April 2010 until April 2013."
msgstr "Stefano Zacchiroli a dirigé Debian d'avril 2010 à avril 2013."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:230
msgid "Lucas Nussbaum led Debian from April 2013 until April 2015."
msgstr "Lucas Nussbaum a dirigé Debian d'avril 2013 à avril 2015."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:233
msgid "Neil McGovern led Debian from April 2015 until April 2016."
msgstr "Neil McGovern a dirigé Debian d'avril 2015 à avril 2016."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:236
msgid "Mehdi Dogguy led Debian from April 2016 until April 2017."
msgstr "Mehdi Dogguy a dirigé Debian d'avril 2016 à avril 2017. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:239
msgid "Chris Lamb led Debian from April 2017 until April 2019."
msgstr "Chris Lamb a dirigé Debian d'avril 2017 à avril 2019."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:242
msgid "Sam Hartman led Debian from April 2019 until April 2020."
msgstr "Sam Hartman a dirigé Debian d'avril 2019 à avril 2020."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:245
msgid "Jonathan Carter led Debian from April 2020 until April 2024."
msgstr "Jonathan Carter a dirigé Debian d'avril 2020 à avril 2024."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:248
msgid "Andreas Tille was elected in April 2024 and is our current leader."
msgstr ""
"Andreas Tille a été élu en avril 2024 et est notre chef de projet actuel."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:252
msgid "Debian Releases"
msgstr "Les versions de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:254
msgid "Debian 0.01 through 0.90 (August-December 1993)"
msgstr "Debian 0.01 jusqu'à 0.90 (d'août à décembre 1993)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:257
msgid ""
"Debian 0.91 (January 1994): This release had a simple package system which "
"could install and uninstall packages.  The project had grown to several "
"dozen people at this point."
msgstr ""
"Debian 0.91 (janvier 1994) : cette version avait un système de paquets "
"simpliste qui permettait d'installer et de désinstaller des paquets. Le "
"nombre de membres du projet a grandi à plusieurs dizaines de personnes à ce "
"moment."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:262
msgid ""
"Debian 0.93R5 (March 1995): Responsibility for each package was clearly "
"assigned to a developer by this point, and the package manager "
"(<command>dpkg</command>) was used to install packages after the "
"installation of a base system."
msgstr ""
"Debian 0.93R5 (mars 1995) : la responsabilité de chaque paquet a été "
"clairement assignée à un développeur à partir de cette date, et le "
"gestionnaire de paquets (<command>dpkg</command>) a été utilisé pour "
"installer les paquets après l'installation d'un système de base."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:268
msgid ""
"Debian 0.93R6 (November 1995): <command>dselect</command> appears.  This was "
"the last Debian release using the a.out binary format; there were about 60 "
"developers.  The first master.debian.org server was built by Bdale Garbee "
"and hosted by HP in parallel with the 0.93R6 release.  The deployment of an "
"explicit master server on which Debian developers would construct each "
"release led directly to the formation of the Debian mirror network, and "
"indirectly to the development of many of the policies and procedures used to "
"manage the project today."
msgstr ""
"Debian 0.93R6 (novembre 1995) : apparition de <command>dselect</command>. Ce "
"fut la dernière version de Debian au format binaire a.out. Il y avait "
"environ 60 développeurs. Le premier serveur master.debian.org a été "
"construit par Bdale Garbee et hébergé par HP, parallèlement au développement "
"de la version 0.93R6. Le déploiement d'un serveur maître explicite, sur "
"lequel les développeurs Debian construiraient chaque version, a conduit "
"directement à la création d'un réseau de miroirs Debian, et indirectement au "
"développement de nombreuses chartes et procédures utilisées aujourd'hui pour "
"gérer le projet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:278
msgid ""
"Debian 1.0 was never released: InfoMagic, a CD vendor, accidentally shipped "
"a development release of Debian and entitled it 1.0.  On December 11th 1995, "
"Debian and InfoMagic jointly announced that this release was screwed.  Bruce "
"Perens explains that the data placed on the \"InfoMagic Linux Developer's "
"Resource 5-CD Set November 1995\" as \"Debian 1.0\" is not the Debian 1.0 "
"release, but an early development version which is only partially in the ELF "
"format, will probably not boot or run correctly, and does not represent the "
"quality of a released Debian system.  To prevent confusion between the "
"premature CD version and the actual Debian release, the Debian Project has "
"renamed its next release to \"Debian 1.1\".  The premature Debian 1.0 on CD "
"is deprecated and should not be used."
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.0 n'est jamais parue : « InfoMagic », un revendeur de CD, livra "
"accidentellement la version de développement de Debian sous le nom 1.0. En "
"décembre 1995, Debian et InfoMagic annoncèrent conjointement que cette "
"version était déclarée radiée. Bruce Perens expliquait alors que les "
"fichiers présents dans le « InfoMagic Linux Developer's Resource 5-CD Set "
"November 1995 » annoncé comme « Debian 1.0 » ne constituaient pas la "
"version 1.0 de Debian, mais une version de développement précédente qui "
"n'était que partiellement au format ELF, ne s'amorçait probablement pas "
"correctement et ne représentait pas la qualité d'un système Debian officiel. "
"Pour éviter la confusion entre cette version prématurée et la version réelle "
"de Debian, le projet Debian a renommé sa version suivante « Debian 1.1 ». La "
"version prématurée de Debian 1.0 sur CD n'est pas reconnue et ne devrait pas "
"être utilisée."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:291
msgid ""
"The hosting of master.debian.org moved from HP to i-Connect.Net around the "
"end of 1995.  Michael Neuffer and Shimon Shapiro, founders of i-Connect.Net, "
"hosted master on their own hardware for a little more than a year.  During "
"this time, they provided many services to Debian, including running what was "
"essentially the New Maintainer process of the day, and significantly aiding "
"the growth of the early Debian mirror network."
msgstr ""
"L'hébergement de master.debian.org a été déplacé de HP à i-Connect.Net à la "
"fin de l'année 1995. Michael Neuffer et Shimon Shapiro, fondateurs de i-"
"Connect.Net, ont hébergé le serveur maître sur leur propre matériel pendant "
"un peu plus d'une année. Pendant cette période, ils ont fourni de nombreux "
"services à Debian, en incluant le processus de nouveau responsable du jour "
"et en aidant significativement la croissance du nouveau réseau de miroirs "
"Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:299
msgid ""
"Debian 1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> (June 17th, 1996): This was the first "
"Debian release with a code name.  It was taken, like all others so far, from "
"a character in one of the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies...  in this "
"case, Buzz Lightyear.  By this time, Bruce Perens had taken over leadership "
"of the Project from Ian Murdock, and Bruce was working at Pixar, the company "
"that produced the movies.  This release was fully ELF, used Linux kernel "
"2.0, and contained 474 packages."
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> (17 juin 1996) : ce fut la première "
"version de Debian portant un nom de code. Il a été choisi, comme tous les "
"autres par la suite, d'après les personnages du film <emphasis>Toy Story</"
"emphasis> et dans le cas présent d'après celui de <emphasis>Buzz Lightyear</"
"emphasis> (Buzz l'éclair). À ce moment, Bruce Perens prenait la succession "
"de Ian Murdock à la direction du projet Debian et travaillait alors pour "
"Pixar, la société qui produisait ces films. Cette version était 100 %ELF, "
"utilisait le noyau Linux 2.0 et contenait 474 paquets."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:308
msgid ""
"Debian 1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> (December 12th, 1996): Named for the "
"plastic dinosaur in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  This release "
"consisted of 848 packages maintained by 120 developers"
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> (12 décembre 1996) : ce nom est celui du "
"dinosaure en plastique du film. Cette version consistait en 848 paquets "
"entretenus par 120 développeurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:313
msgid ""
"Debian 1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> (June 5th, 1997): Named for Bo Peep, the "
"shepherdess.  This release consisted of 974 packages maintained by 200 "
"developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> (5 juin 1997) : ce nom est tiré de « Bo "
"Beep », la bergère. Elle contenait 974 paquets entretenus par "
"200 développeurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:318
msgid ""
"Debian 2.0 <emphasis>Hamm</emphasis> (July 24th, 1998): Named for the piggy-"
"bank in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  This was the first multi-"
"architecture release of Debian, adding support for the Motorola 68000 series "
"architectures.  With Ian Jackson as Project Leader, this release made the "
"transition to libc6, and consisted of over 1500 packages maintained by over "
"400 developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.0 <emphasis>Hamm</emphasis> (24 juillet 1998) : nom du cochon du "
"film. Ce fut la première version multi-architecture de Debian, avec la "
"gestion de l'architecture 68k de Motorola. Cette version (encadrée par Ian "
"Jackson comme chef de Projet) a marqué la transition vers la bibliothèque "
"libc6, proposait plus de 1500 paquets et était produite par 400 développeurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:326
msgid ""
"Debian 2.1 <emphasis>Slink</emphasis> (March 9th, 1999): Named for the "
"slinky-dog in the movie.  Two more architectures were added, <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\";>Alpha</ulink> and <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\";>SPARC</ulink>.  With Wichert "
"Akkerman as Project Leader, this release consisted of about 2250 packages "
"and required 2 CDs in the official set.  The key technical innovation was "
"the introduction of apt, a new package management interface.  Widely "
"emulated, apt addressed issues resulting from Debian's continuing growth, "
"and established a new paradigm for package acquisition and installation on "
"Open Source operating systems."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.1 <emphasis>Slink</emphasis> (sortie le 9 mars 1999) : nom du chien "
"du film. Deux architectures y ont été ajoutées, <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\">Alpha</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\">SPARC</ulink>. Avec Wichert Akkerman comme "
"chef du Projet, cette version consistait d'environ 2 250 paquets qui tenait "
"sur deux CD de la suite officielle. L'apport technique majeur était "
"l'introduction de apt, une nouvelle interface de gestion de paquets. "
"Largement imitée, apt répondait aux problèmes résultant de la croissance de "
"Debian et établissait ainsi un nouveau paradigme pour l'acquisition et "
"l'installation de paquets sur les systèmes d'exploitation libres. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:337
msgid ""
"Debian 2.2 <emphasis>Potato</emphasis> (15 August 2000): Named for \"Mr "
"Potato Head\" in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  This release "
"added support for the <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/";
"\">PowerPC</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/arm/\";>ARM</"
"ulink> architectures.  With Wichert still serving as Project Leader, this "
"release consisted of more than 3900 binary packages derived from over 2600 "
"source packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.2 <emphasis>Potato</emphasis> (publiée le 15 août 2000) : d'après "
"le nom « Potato Head » des films <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis>. Cette "
"version a ajouté la gestion pour les architectures <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/\">PowerPC</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/ports/arm/\">ARM</ulink>. Avec Wichert menant encore le "
"Projet, cette version consistait en plus de 3900 paquets binaires dérivés de "
"plus de 2600 paquets sources entretenus par plus de 450 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:346
msgid ""
"Debian 3.0 <emphasis>Woody</emphasis> (19 July 2002): Named for the main "
"character the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies: \"Woody\" the cowboy.  "
"Even more architectures were added in this release: <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/ports/ia64/\">IA-64</ulink>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/ports/hppa/\">HP PA-RISC</ulink>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/ports/mips/\">MIPS (big endian)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/ports/mipsel/\">MIPS (little endian)</ulink> and <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/s390/\";>S/390</ulink>.  This is also the "
"first release to include cryptographic software due to the restrictions for "
"exportation being <emphasis>lightened</emphasis> in the US, and also the "
"first one to include KDE, now that the license issues with Qt were "
"resolved.  With Bdale Garbee recently appointed Project Leader, and more "
"than 900 Debian developers, this release contained around 8,500 binary "
"packages and 7 binary CDs in the official set."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.0 <emphasis>Woody</emphasis> (parue le 19 juillet 2002) : nom du "
"cowboy, personnage principal de la série de films <emphasis>Toy Story</"
"emphasis>. Encore plus d'architectures ont été ajoutées à cette version : "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/ia64/\";>IA-64</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/hppa/\";>HP PA-RISC</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/mips/\";>MIPS (big endian)</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/mipsel/\";>MIPS (little endian)</ulink> et "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/s390/\";>S/390</ulink>. C'était "
"également la première version intégrant des logiciels de cryptographie suite "
"aux allégements de restriction à l'exportation aux USA, et aussi la première "
"incluant KDE, les problèmes de licence de Qt ayant été résolus. Bdale Garbee "
"ayant été récemment désigné comme chef du Projet, plus de 900 développeurs "
"Debian ont permis la publication de cette version contenant environ "
"8500 paquets binaires qui tenaient sur un ensemble officiel de 7 CD."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:362
msgid ""
"Debian 3.1 <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> (6 June 2005): named for the sergeant "
"of the Green Plastic Army Men.  No new architectures were added to the "
"release, although an unofficial AMD64 port was published at the same time "
"and distributed through the new Alioth project hosting site.  This release "
"features a new installer: <emphasis>debian-installer</emphasis>, a modular "
"piece of software that feature automatic hardware detection, unattended "
"installation features and was released fully translated to over thirty "
"languages.  It was also the first release to include a full office suite: "
"OpenOffice.org.  Branden Robinson had just been appointed as Project "
"Leader.  This release was made by more than nine hundred Debian developers, "
"and contained around 15,400 binary packages and 14 binary CDs in the "
"official set."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.1 <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> (publiée le 6 juin 2005) : nommée "
"d'après le sergent du « Green Plastic Army Men ». Aucune nouvelle "
"architecture n'a été ajoutée à cette version bien qu'une version AMD64 non "
"officielle ait été publiée au même moment et distribuée à travers le nouveau "
"site d'hébergement de projet Alioth. Cette version proposait le nouvel "
"installateur <emphasis>debian-installer</emphasis>, un logiciel modulaire "
"intégrant une détection automatique du matériel, une fonctionnalité "
"d'installation automatique ainsi qu'une traduction dans plus de trente "
"langues. Ce fut également la première version intégrant une suite "
"bureautique complète, OpenOffice.org. Brandon Robinson venait d'être désigné "
"comme chef du Projet. Plus de 900 développeurs Debian ont contribué à la "
"publication de cette version contenant environ 15 400 paquets binaires et "
"qui tenait sur 14 CD."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:376
msgid ""
"Debian 4.0 <emphasis>Etch</emphasis> (8 April 2007): named for the sketch "
"toy in the movie.  One architecture was added in this release: <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/amd64/\";>AMD64</ulink>, and official "
"support for <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/\";>m68k</ulink> "
"was dropped.  This release continued using the <emphasis>debian-installer</"
"emphasis>, but featuring in this release a graphical installer, "
"cryptographic verification of downloaded packages, more flexible "
"partitioning (with support for encrypted partitions), simplified mail "
"configuration, a more flexible desktop selection, simplified but improved "
"localization and new modes, including a <emphasis>rescue</emphasis> mode.  "
"New installations would not need to reboot through the installation process "
"as the previous two phases of installation were now integrated.  This new "
"installer provided support for scripts using composed characters and complex "
"languages in its graphical version, increasing the number of available "
"translations to over fifty.  Sam Hocevar was appointed Project Leader the "
"very same day, and the project included more than one thousand and thirty "
"Debian developers.  The release contained around 18,000 binary packages over "
"20 binary CDs (3 DVDs) in the official set.  There were also two binary CDs "
"available to install the system with alternate desktop environments "
"different to the default one."
msgstr ""
"Debian 4.0 <emphasis>Etch</emphasis> publiée le 8 avril 2007. Nom de "
"l'ardoise magique dans le film. L'architecture <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/ports/amd64/\">AMD64</ulink> a été ajoutée dans cette version "
"et la gestion officielle de <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/";
"\">m68k</ulink> supprimée. Cette version continua d'utiliser "
"l'<emphasis>installateur Debian</emphasis> classique mais une version "
"graphique y a été ajoutée, ainsi qu'une vérification cryptographique des "
"paquets téléchargés, un partitionnement plus flexible (avec la gestion de "
"partitions chiffrées), une simplification de la configuration du courrier "
"électronique, une sélection plus flexible des environnements de bureau, une "
"régionalisation simplifiée mais améliorée et de nouveaux modes incluant un "
"mode de <emphasis>secours</emphasis> (rescue mode). Les nouvelles "
"installations ne requéraient plus un redémarrage puisque les deux premières "
"phases d'installation étaient maintenant intégrées. Ce nouvel installateur "
"fournissait également la gestion de scripts utilisant les caractères "
"composés et des langages complexes pour le mode graphique, ce qui amenait le "
"nombre de traductions à plus de cinquante. Le jour de la publication, Sam "
"Hocevar fût élu chef de Projet et celui-ci comptait plus de "
"1030 développeurs Debian. Cette version contenait environ 18 000 paquets "
"binaires qui tenaient sur 20 CD (ou 3 DVD) dans l'ensemble officiel. Deux CD "
"étaient également disponibles pour installer des environnements de bureau "
"différents de celui par défaut."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:397
msgid ""
"Debian 5.0 <emphasis>Lenny</emphasis> (February 2009): named for the wind up "
"binoculars in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  One architecture "
"was added in this release: <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/";
"ArmEabiPort\">ARM EABI</ulink> (or <emphasis>armel</emphasis>), providing "
"support for newer ARM processors and deprecating the old ARM port "
"(<emphasis>arm</emphasis>).  The <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/";
"M68k\">m68k</ulink> port was not included in this release, although it was "
"still provided in the <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> distribution.  This "
"release did not feature the <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/";
"kfreebsd-gnu/\">FreeBSD port</ulink>, although much work on the port had "
"been done to make it qualify it did not meet yet the <ulink url=\"https://";
"release.debian.org/lenny/arch_qualify.html\">qualification requirements</"
"ulink> for this release."
msgstr ""
"Debian 5.0 <emphasis>Lenny</emphasis> a été publiée en février 2009. Nommée "
"d'après les jumelles dans le film. L'architecture <ulink url=\"https://";
"wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort\">ARM EABI</ulink> (ou <emphasis>armel</"
"emphasis>) a été ajoutée dans cette version, permettant la gestion des "
"nouveaux processeurs ARM rendant ainsi obsolète le vieux portage ARM "
"(<emphasis>arm</emphasis>). Le portage <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/";
"M68k\">m68k</ulink> ne fut pas inclus dans cette version bien qu'il était "
"toujours fourni dans la distribution <emphasis>unstable</emphasis>. Cette "
"version ne proposait pas non plus le portage <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\">FreeBSD</ulink>, malgré tout le travail "
"pour le rendre <ulink url=\"https://release.debian.org/lenny/";
"arch_qualify.html\">éligible</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:412
msgid ""
"Support of small factor devices in this release was increased by the added "
"support for Marvell's Orion platform which was used in many storage devices "
"and also provided supported several Netbooks.  Some new build tools were "
"added which allowed Debian packages to be cross-built and shrunk for "
"embedded ARM systems.  Also, netbooks of varied vendors were now supported "
"and the distribution provided software more suitable for computers with "
"relatively low performance."
msgstr ""
"La gestion des périphériques de petite taille a été améliorée dans cette "
"version par l'ajout de la plateforme Orion de Marvell qui est utilisée dans "
"de nombreux supports de stockage et de Netbooks. De nouveaux outils de "
"construction (build) ont été ajoutés, ce qui a permis aux paquets de Debian "
"d'être compilés de manière croisée et réduits pour les systèmes ARM "
"embarqués. De même, des netbooks de divers marques étaient gérés et la "
"distribution fournissait des logiciels plus adaptés pour des ordinateurs "
"ayant des performances relativement faibles."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:421
msgid ""
"It was also the first release to provide free versions of Sun's Java "
"technology, making it possible to provide Java applications in the "
"<emphasis>main</emphasis> section."
msgstr ""
"C'était également la première version qui fournissait la version libre de la "
"technologie Java de Sun, rendant possible la distribution d'applications "
"Java dans la section <emphasis>main</emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:426
msgid ""
"Debian 6.0 <emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis> (February 2011): named for the green "
"three-eyed aliens."
msgstr ""
"Debian 6.0 <emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis> (février 2011) : nom de "
"l'extraterrestre vert aux trois yeux dans le film."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:430
msgid ""
"The release was frozen on August 6, 2010, with many of the Debian developers "
"gathered at the 10th DebConf at New York City."
msgstr ""
"Cette version a été gelée le 6 août 2010 au cours de la dixième DebConf qui "
"s'est tenue à New York en présence de nombreux développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:434
msgid ""
"While two architectures (alpha and hppa) were dropped, two architectures of "
"the new <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\";>FreeBSD "
"port</ulink> (kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64) were made available as "
"<emphasis>technology preview</emphasis>, including the kernel and userland "
"tools as well as common server software (though not advanced desktop "
"features yet).  This was the first time a Linux distribution has been "
"extended to also allow use of a non-Linux kernel."
msgstr ""
"Alors que deux architecture étaient abandonnées (alpha et hppa), le nouveau "
"portage <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\";>FreeBSD</"
"ulink> (kfreebsd-i386 et kfreebsd-amd64) a été mis à disposition comme "
"<emphasis>aperçu technologique</emphasis>, incluant le noyau et les outils "
"en espace utilisateur ainsi que les applications serveurs usuelles (mais "
"aucune fonctionnalité de bureau avancée). C'était la première fois qu'une "
"distribution Linux était étendue à l'utilisation d'un noyau autre que Linux."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:443
msgid ""
"The new release introduced a dependency based boot sequence, which allowed "
"for parallel init script processing, speeding system startup."
msgstr ""
"La nouvelle version introduisait une séquence de démarrage basée sur les "
"dépendances, ce qui permet la parallélisation de l'exécution des scripts "
"d'initialisation et accélère le démarrage du système."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:447
msgid ""
"Debian 6 was the first release that benefited from Long Term Support (LTS), "
"a project to extend the lifetime of all Debian stable releases to (at "
"least)  5 years. Debian LTS was not handled by the Debian Security team, but "
"by a separate group of volunteers and companies interested in making it a "
"success. Debian 6 was supported until the end of February 2016, and limited "
"to i386 and amd64 architectures."
msgstr ""
"Debian 6 est la première version à avoir bénéficié du suivi à long terme "
"(LTS), un projet destiné à allonger la durée de vie de toutes les versions "
"stables à (au moins) cinq ans. Debian LTS n'est pas gérée par l'équipe en "
"charge de la sécurité de Debian, mais par un groupe distinct de bénévoles et "
"de sociétés intéressés à son succès. Debian 6 a été prise en charge jusqu'à "
"la fin de février 2016, mais limitée aux architectures i386 et amd64."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:456
msgid ""
"Debian 7.0 <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> (May 2013): named for the rubber toy "
"penguin with a red bow tie."
msgstr ""
"Debian 7.0 <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> (mai 2013) : nom du manchot en "
"caoutchouc avec un nœud papillon rouge."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:460
msgid ""
"The release was frozen on June 30, 2012, very close to the Debian developers "
"gathering in the 12th DebConf at Managua, Nicaragua."
msgstr ""
"Cette version a été gelée le 30 juin 2012 juste avant la treizième "
"conférence des développeurs Debian (DebConf12) qui s'est tenue à Managua au "
"Nicaragua."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:464
msgid ""
"One architecture was included in this release (armhf) and this release "
"introduced multi-arch support, which allowed users to install packages from "
"multiple architectures on the same machine.  Improvements in the "
"installation process allowed visually impaired people to install the system "
"using software speech for the first time."
msgstr ""
"L'architecture <emphasis>armhf</emphasis> a été incluse dans cette version "
"ainsi que la gestion multi-architecture, ce qui permet aux utilisateurs "
"d'installer des paquets d'architectures différentes sur la même machine. Des "
"améliorations dans le processus d'installation ont permis aux personnes "
"ayant une déficience visuelle d'installer le système en utilisant pour la "
"première fois un logiciel de synthèse vocale."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:471
msgid ""
"This was also the first release that supported the installation and booting "
"in devices using UEFI firmware."
msgstr ""
"C'était également la première version à gérer l'installation et le démarrage "
"sur des périphériques utilisant le micrologiciel UEFI."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:475
msgid ""
"Debian 7 had Long Term Support (LTS) for i386, amd64, armel and armhf "
"architectures until the end of May 2018."
msgstr ""
"Debian 7 a bénéficié du suivi à long terme (LTS) pour les architectures "
"i386, amd64, armel et armhf jusqu'à la fin du mois de mai 2018."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:479
msgid ""
"Debian 8 <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> (April 2015): named for the cow girl "
"doll who first appeared in Toy Story 2."
msgstr ""
"Debian 8.0 <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> (avril 2015) : nom de la poupée "
"vachère apparue dans Toy Story 2."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:483
msgid ""
"This release introduced for the first time the systemd init system as "
"default.  Two new architectures were introduced: arm64 and ppc64el and three "
"architectures were dropped: s390 (replaced by s390x), ia64 and sparc.  The "
"Sparc architecture had been present in Debian for 16 years, but lacked "
"developer support to make it maintainable in the distribution."
msgstr ""
"Cette version a introduit pour la première fois le système d'initialisation "
"<emphasis>systemd</emphasis> par défaut. Deux nouvelles architectures ont "
"été introduites : arm64 et ppc64el. Trois architectures ont été supprimées : "
"s390 (remplacée par s390x), ia64 et sparc. L'architecture sparc était "
"présente dans Debian depuis 16 ans, mais manquait de développeurs pour la "
"garder dans la distribution."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:490
msgid ""
"The release included many security improvements such as a new kernel that "
"nullified a whole set of security vulnerabilities (symlink attacks), a new "
"way to detect packages which were under security support, more packages "
"built with hardened compiler flags and a new mechanism (needrestart) to "
"detect sub-systems which had to be restarted in order to propagate security "
"updates after an upgrade."
msgstr ""
"De nombreuses améliorations de sécurité ont été introduites dans cette "
"version telles qu'un nouveau noyau qui supprimait de fait tout un ensemble "
"de vulnérabilités (attaque par liens symboliques), une nouvelle manière de "
"détecter les paquets possédant une gestion de la sécurité, davantage de "
"paquets construits avec des options du compilateur renforçant la sécurité et "
"un nouveau mécanisme (needrestart) permettant de détecter les sous-systèmes "
"nécessitant d'être redémarrés afin de propager les mises à jour de sécurité "
"après une mise à niveau."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:498
msgid ""
"Debian 8 had Long Term Support (LTS) for i386, amd64, armel and armhf "
"architectures until the end of June 2020."
msgstr ""
"Debian 8 a bénéficié du suivi à long terme (LTS) pour les architectures "
"i386, amd64, armel et armhf jusqu'à la fin du mois de juin 2020."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:502
msgid ""
"Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> (June 2017): named for the toy rubber "
"octopus with suckers on her eight long arms that appeared in Toy Story 3."
msgstr ""
"Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> (juin 2017) : nom du poulpe en "
"caoutchouc qui possède des ventouses sur ses huit longs bras et qui apparut "
"dans Toy Story 3."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:506
msgid "The release was frozen on February 7th, 2017."
msgstr "Cette version a été gelée le 7 février 2017."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:509
msgid ""
"Debian 9 was dedicated to the project's founder Ian Murdock, who passed away "
"on 28 December 2015."
msgstr ""
"Debian 9 a été dédiée au fondateur du projet Ian Murdock décédé le "
"28 décembre 2015."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:513
msgid ""
"Support for the powerpc architecture was dropped in this release, whileas "
"the mips64el architecture was introduced. This release introduced debug "
"packages with a new repository in the archive, packages from this repository "
"provided debug symbols automatically for packages.  Firefox and Thunderbird "
"returned to Debian, replacing their debranded versions Iceweasel and "
"Icedove, which were present in the archive for more than 10 years.  Thanks "
"to the Reproducible Builds project, over 90% of the source packages included "
"in Debian 9 were able to build bit-for-bit identical binary packages."
msgstr ""
"La gestion de l'architecture powerpc est supprimée alors que celle pour "
"l'architecture mips64el est introduite. Cette version a introduit les "
"paquets de débogage avec un dépôt dédié dans l'archive. Ces paquets "
"fournissent automatiquement les symboles de débogage des paquets. Firefox et "
"Thunderbird sont de retour dans Debian, remplaçant les versions démarquées "
"Iceweasel et Icedove qui étaient présentes dans l'archive depuis plus de dix "
"ans. Grâce au projet des Constructions reproductibles, plus de 90 % des "
"paquets source fournis dans Debian 9 construisaient des paquets binaires "
"identiques au bit près."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:523
msgid ""
"Debian 9 had Long Term Support (LTS) for i386, amd64, armel and armhf "
"architectures until the end of June 2022."
msgstr ""
"Debian 9 a bénéficié du suivi à long terme (LTS) pour les architectures "
"i386, amd64, armel et armhf jusqu'à la fin du mois de juin 2022."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:528
msgid ""
"Debian 10 <emphasis>Buster</emphasis> (July 2019): named for Andy's pet dog, "
"received as Christmas present in the end of Toy Story."
msgstr ""
"Debian 10 <emphasis>Buster</emphasis> (juillet 2019) : nom du chien d'Andy "
"reçu comme cadeau de Noël apparaissant à la fin de Toy Story."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:532
msgid ""
"With this release Debian for the first time included a mandatory access "
"control framework enabled per default (AppArmor). It was also the first "
"Debian release to ship with Rust based programs such as Firefox, ripgrep, "
"fd, exa, etc.  and a significant number of Rust based libraries (more than "
"450).  In Debian 10 GNOME defaults to using the Wayland display server "
"instead of Xorg, providing a simpler and more modern design and advantages "
"for security.  The UEFI (\"Unified Extensible Firmware Interface\") support "
"first introduced in Debian 7 continued to be greatly improved in Debian 10, "
"being included for amd64, i386 and arm64 architectures and working out of "
"the box on most Secure Boot-enabled machines."
msgstr ""
"Avec cette version, Debian a inclus pour la première fois AppArmor, un "
"cadriciel de contrôle d'accès activé par défaut. C'est aussi la première "
"version de Debian à fournir des programmes basés sur Rust tels que Firefox, "
"ripgrep, fd, exa, etc., et un nombre significatif de bibliothèques basées "
"sur Rust (plus de 450). Dans Debian 10, GNOME utilise par défaut le serveur "
"d'affichage Wayland à la place de Xorg. Wayland est de conception plus "
"simple et plus moderne, ce qui est avantageux du point de vue de la "
"sécurité. La gestion de l'UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), "
"introduite dans Debian 7, a continué à être fortement améliorée dans "
"Debian 10 et est incluse pour les architectures amd64, i386 et arm64, "
"fonctionnant sans intervention sur la plupart des machines où Secure Boot "
"est activé."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:544
msgid ""
"Debian 10 had Long Term Support (LTS) for i386, amd64, armel and armhf "
"architectures until the end of June 2024."
msgstr ""
"Debian 10 a bénéficié du suivi à long terme (LTS) pour les architectures "
"i386, amd64, armel et armhf jusqu'à la fin du mois de juin 2024."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:549
msgid ""
"Debian 11 <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis> (August 14th, 2021): named for "
"Woody's wooden toyhorse that appeared in Toy Story 2."
msgstr ""
"Debian 11 <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis> (publiée le 14 août 2021) : nom du "
"cheval de Woody apparu dans Toy Story 2."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:553
msgid ""
"This release contained over 11,294 new packages for a total count of 59,551 "
"packages, along with a significant reduction of over 9,519 packages which "
"were marked as \"obsolete\" and removed. 42,821 packages were updated and "
"5,434 packages remained unchanged."
msgstr ""
"Cette version fournissait plus de 11 294 nouveaux paquets sur un total de "
"59 551, avec une diminution significative de 9 519 paquets marqués "
"« obsolètes » et retirés. 42 821 paquets ont été mis à jour et 5 434 sont "
"demeurés inchangés."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:559
msgid ""
"Debian 11 allowed driverless printing and scanning without the need for "
"vendor specific (often non-free) drivers, and shipped a Linux kernel with "
"support for the exFAT filesystem. The mips architecture support was dropped, "
"keeping support for mipsel (little-endian) architectures for 32-bit hardware "
"and mips64el architecture for 64-bit little-endian hardware."
msgstr ""
"Debian 11 permettait d'utiliser l'impression et la numérisation sans pilote, "
"sans avoir besoin des pilotes spécifiques du fabricant (souvent non libres). "
"Elle fournissait un noyau Linux disposant de la prise en charge du système "
"de fichiers exFAT. La prise en charge de l'architecture mips était "
"supprimée, n'étant gardées que les architectures mipsel (petits boutistes) "
"pour le matériel 32 bits et l'architecture mips64el pour le matériel 64 bits "
"petit boutiste."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:566
msgid ""
"The Debian Med team took part in the fight against COVID-19 by packaging "
"software for researching the virus on the sequence level and for fighting "
"the pandemic with the tools used in epidemiology; this work continued with "
"focus on machine learning tools for both fields."
msgstr ""
"L'équipe Debian Med a pris part à la lutte contre la COVID-19 en empaquetant "
"des paquets pour la recherche sur le virus au niveau de son séquençage et "
"pour combattre la pandémie avec les outils utilisés en épidémiologie. Ce "
"travail va continuer en mettant l'accent sur les outils d'apprentissage "
"automatique dans ces deux domaines."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:574
msgid ""
"Debian 12 <emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis> (June 10th, 2023): named for a green "
"toy worm with a built-in flashlight that appeared in Toy Story 3."
msgstr ""
"Debian 12.0 (<emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis>) publiée le 10 juin 2023 : nom du "
"ver vert avec une lampe de poche intégrée apparu dans Toy Story 3."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:579
msgid ""
"This release contained over 11,089 new packages for a total count of 64,419 "
"packages, while over 6,296 packages have been removed as \"obsolete\". "
"43,254 packages were updated in this release. The overall disk usage for "
"<emphasis>bookworm</emphasis> is 365,016,420 kB (365 GB), and is made up of "
"1,341,564,204 lines of code."
msgstr ""
"Cette version contient plus de 11 089 nouveaux paquets pour un total de "
"64 419 paquets, tandis que plus de 6 296 paquets marqués comme « obsolètes » "
"ont été supprimés. 43 254 paquets ont été mis à jour dans cette version. "
"L'utilisation de disque totale pour <emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis> est de "
"365 016 420 Ko (365 Go) et comprend 1 341 564 204 lignes de code."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:588
msgid ""
"Following the <ulink url='https://www.debian.org/vote/2022/vote_003'>2022 "
"General Resolution</ulink> about non-free firmware, the Debian Social "
"Contract got adjusted and a new archive area called <emphasis>non-free-"
"firmware</emphasis> got introduced, making it possible to separate non-free "
"firmware from the other non-free packages.  Most non-free firmware packages "
"have been moved from <emphasis>non-free</emphasis> to <emphasis>non-free-"
"firmware</emphasis>.  This separation makes it possible to build a variety "
"of official installation images.  And it makes installing Debian on popular "
"hardware using the official Debian installer much easier."
msgstr ""
"À la suite du vote de la <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/vote/2022/";
"vote_003\">Résolution générale</ulink> de 2022 sur les microprogrammes non "
"libres, le contrat social de Debian a été adapté et une nouvelle section "
"d'archive appelée <emphasis>non-free-firmware</emphasis> a été introduite "
"permettant de séparer les microprogrammes non libres des autres programmes "
"non libres. La plupart des paquets de microprogrammes non libres ont migré "
"de <emphasis>non-free</emphasis> à <emphasis>non-free-firmware</emphasis>. "
"Cette séparation permet de construire de nombreuses images d'installation "
"officielles. Et elle facilite beaucoup l'installation de Debian sur du "
"matériel répandu en utilisant l’installateur officiel de Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:601
msgid ""
"A total of nine architectures are officially supported for "
"<emphasis>bookworm</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"Un total de neuf architectures sont officiellement prises en charge par "
"<emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:607
msgid ""
"The Debian Cloud team publishes <emphasis>bookworm</emphasis> for three "
"popular cloud computing services."
msgstr ""
"L'équipe pour l'informatique dématérialisée publie <emphasis>Bookworm</"
"emphasis> pour trois services d'informatique dans le nuage répandus."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:617
msgid ""
"usr-merge (or merged-usr or <filename>/usr</filename>-move) is a filesystem "
"layout where the traditional unix directories <filename>/bin</filename>, "
"<filename>/sbin</filename>, <filename>/lib</filename> and <filename>/lib64</"
"filename> are replaced by symbolic links to their counterparts under "
"<filename>/usr</filename>.  So e.g.  <filename>/bin</filename> is replaced "
"by a symlink to <filename>/usr/bin</filename> . In 2012, usr-merge was "
"implemented by Fedora Linux as well as by Ubuntu Linux.  See also <ulink "
"url='https://systemd.io/THE_CASE_FOR_THE_USR_MERGE/'>The Case For The Usr "
"Merge</ulink> and the <ulink url='https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/";
"amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#a-merged-usr-is-now-"
"required'>Bookworm Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"usr-merge (ou merged-usr – usr fusionné -, ou <filename>/usr</filename>-"
"move) est une organisation du système de fichier où les traditionnels "
"répertoires UNIX <filename>/bin</filename>, <filename>/sbin</filename>, "
"<filename>/lib</filename> et <filename>/lib64</filename> sont remplacés par "
"des liens symboliques vers les répertoires correspondants sous <filename>/"
"usr</filename>. Par exemple, <filename>/bin</filename> est remplacé par un "
"lien symbolique vers <filename>/usr/bin</filename>. En 2012, usr fusionné a "
"été implémenté par Fedora Linux ainsi que par Ubuntu Linux. Voir aussi "
"<ulink url=\"https://systemd.io/THE_CASE_FOR_THE_USR_MERGE/\";>The Case For "
"The Usr Merge</ulink> et les <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/";
"bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#a-merged-usr-is-now-"
"required\">notes de publications de Bookworm</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:612
msgid ""
"Between releases, in <ulink url='https://bugs.debian.org/978636'>Bug#978636</"
"ulink> (Feb 2021), the Technical Committee resolved that Debian "
"<emphasis>bookworm</emphasis> would support only the merged-usr<placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> root filesystem layout, dropping support for "
"the non-merged-usr layout. For systems installed as <emphasis>buster</"
"emphasis> or <emphasis>bullseye</emphasis> there would be no changes to the "
"filesystem; however, systems using the older layout would be converted "
"during the upgrade."
msgstr ""
"Entre les publications, pour le <ulink url=\"https://bugs.debian.org/";
"978636\">bogue n° 978636</ulink> en février 2021, le Comité Technique a "
"décidé que Debian <emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis> ne devrait prendre en charge "
"que l'organisation du système de fichiers racine avec usr fusionné "
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>, abandonnant la prise en charge de "
"l'organisation avec usr non fusionné. Pour les systèmes installés comme "
"<emphasis>Buster</emphasis> ou <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis>, il n'y aura "
"pas de modification du système de fichiers, cependant, les systèmes "
"utilisant l'organisation antérieure seront convertis lors de leur mise à "
"niveau."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:638
msgid ""
"Thanks to the combined work of the Debian Security team and the Debian Long "
"Term Support team, <emphasis>bookworm</emphasis> will be supported on four "
"architectures until June 2028 (5 years after release)."
msgstr ""
"Grâce à l'effort conjugué de l'équipe en charge de la sécurité de Debian et "
"de l'équipe du suivi à long terme de Debian (LTS), <emphasis>Bookworm</"
"emphasis> sera prise en charge pour quatre architectures jusqu'à juin 2028 "
"(cinq ans après sa publication)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:644
msgid ""
"Debian 13 <emphasis>Trixie</emphasis> (as of August 2024 the "
"<emphasis>testing</emphasis> distribution): Trixie is a blue toy Triceratops "
"that appeared in Toy Story 3."
msgstr ""
"Debian 13 <emphasis>Trixie</emphasis> (en août 2024, c'est la distribution "
"<emphasis>testing</emphasis>) : Trixie est le tricératops bleu apparu dans "
"Toy Story 3."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:654
msgid "A Detailed History"
msgstr "Historique détaillé"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:656
msgid "The 0.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 0.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:658
msgid ""
"Debian was begun in August 1993 by Ian Murdock, then an undergraduate at "
"Purdue University.  Debian was sponsored by the GNU Project of <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>The Free Software Foundation</ulink>, the "
"organization started by Richard Stallman and associated with the General "
"Public License (GPL), for one year -- from November 1994 to November 1995."
msgstr ""
"Debian a été créée en août 1993 par Ian Murdock alors qu'il était étudiant à "
"l'université de Purdue. Debian a été parrainée la première année (de "
"novembre 1994 à novembre 1995) par le projet GNU de  <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.fsf.org/\">The Free Software Foundation</ulink>, organisation créée par "
"Richard Stallman et associée à la licence « General Public Licence » (GPL)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:665
msgid ""
"Debian 0.01 through Debian 0.90 were released between August and December of "
"1993.  Ian Murdock writes:"
msgstr ""
"Les versions 0.01 jusqu'à 0.90 de Debian ont été publiées entre août et "
"décembre 1993. Ian Murdock écrivait alors :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:669
msgid ""
"\"Debian 0.91 was released in January 1994.  It had a primitive package "
"system that allowed users to manipulate packages but that did little else "
"(it certainly didn't have dependencies or anything like that).  By this "
"time, there were a few dozen people working on Debian, though I was still "
"mostly putting together the releases myself.  0.91 was the last release done "
"in this way."
msgstr ""
"« La version 0.91 de Debian a été publiée en janvier 1994. Elle avait un "
"système primitif de gestion de paquets qui permettait aux utilisateurs de "
"manipuler les paquets mais n'autorisait pas grand-chose d'autre (il ne "
"possédait certainement pas de dépendances ou d'options analogues). À cette "
"époque, quelques dizaines de personnes travaillaient sur Debian, même si je "
"devais toujours assembler les versions moi-même. La version 0.91 fut la "
"dernière version faite de cette manière. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:676
msgid ""
"Most of 1994 was spent organizing the Debian Project so that others could "
"more effectively contribute, as well as working on <command>dpkg</command> "
"(Ian Jackson was largely responsible for this).  There were no releases to "
"the public in 1994 that I can remember, though there were several internal "
"releases as we worked to get the process right."
msgstr ""
"« Une grande partie de l'année 1994 a été consacrée à organiser le projet "
"Debian de façon à ce que les autres puissent plus directement contribuer, "
"comme pour la réalisation de <command>dpkg</command> (Ian Jackson fut très "
"largement responsable de cette dernière). Si je me souviens bien, il n'y a "
"pas eu de version officielle en 1994, bien que nous en ayons eu un certain "
"nombre en interne, à chaque fois que nous progressions dans l'avancement de "
"la distribution. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:683
msgid ""
"Debian 0.93 Release 5 happened in March 1995 and was the first \"modern\" "
"release of Debian: there were many more developers by then (though I can't "
"remember exactly how many), each maintaining their own packages, and "
"<command>dpkg</command> was being used to install and maintain all these "
"packages after a base system was installed."
msgstr ""
"« La Debian 0.93, en version 5, est sortie en mars 1995 et a été la première "
"version « moderne » de Debian : il n'y avait jamais eu autant de "
"développeurs (bien que je ne puisse me rappeler combien), chacun entretenait "
"ses propres paquets et <command>dpkg</command> était utilisé pour installer "
"et entretenir tous ces paquets après l'installation du système de base. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:690
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Debian 0.93 Release 6 happened in November 1995 and was the last a.out "
#| "release.  There were about sixty developers maintaining packages in "
#| "0.93R6.  If I remember correctly, <command>dselect</command> first "
#| "appeared in 0.93R6."
msgid ""
"Debian 0.93 Release 6 happened in November 1995 and was the last a.out "
"release.  There were about sixty developers maintaining packages in 0.93R6.  "
"If I remember correctly, <command>dselect</command> first appeared in "
"0.93R6.\""
msgstr ""
"« La Debian 0.93, en version 6, est sortie en novembre 1995 et a été la "
"dernière version au format a.out. Il y avait environ 60 développeurs pour "
"entretenir les paquets de la version 0.93R6. Si je me souviens bien, "
"<command>dselect</command> a fait son apparition dans cette version. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:695
msgid ""
"Ian Murdock also notes that Debian 0.93R6 \"...  has always been my favorite "
"release of Debian\", although he admits to the possibility of some personal "
"bias, as he stopped actively working on the project in March 1996 during the "
"pre-production of Debian 1.0, which was actually released as Debian 1.1 to "
"avoid confusion after a CD-ROM manufacturer mistakenly labelled an "
"unreleased version as Debian 1.0.  That incident led to the concept of "
"\"official\" CD-ROM images, as a way for the project to help vendors avoid "
"this kind of mistake."
msgstr ""
"Ian Murdock fait aussi remarquer que la Debian 0.93R6 « [...] a été ma "
"version favorite de Debian » bien qu'il admette la possibilité d'être de "
"parti pris, puisqu'il avait arrêté de travailler activement sur le projet en "
"mars 1996 durant la pré-production de la Debian 1.0. Cette dernière fut "
"renommée 1.1 pour éviter toute confusion avec un fabricant de CD qui avait "
"nommé faussement 1.0 une version précédente. Cet incident mena au concept "
"d'images ISO « officielles », de façon à éviter aux vendeurs ce genre de "
"bévue."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:704
msgid ""
"During August 1995 (between Debian 0.93 Release 5 and Debian 0.93 Release "
"6), Hartmut Koptein started the first port for Debian, for the Motorola m68k "
"family.  He reports that \"Many, many packages were i386-centric (little "
"endian, -m486, -O6 and all for libc4) and it was a hard time to get a "
"starting base of packages on my machine (an Atari Medusa 68040, 32 MHz).  "
"After three months (in November 1995), I uploaded 200 packages from 250 "
"available packages, all for libc5!\" Later he started another port together "
"with Vincent Renardias and Martin Schulze, for the PowerPC family."
msgstr ""
"Durant le mois d'août 1995 (entre les versions 0.93R5 et 0.93R6 de Debian), "
"Hartmut Koptein a débuté le premier portage de Debian pour la famille des "
"Motorola m68k. Il disait que « de nombreux paquets étaient construits autour "
"de l'architecture i386 (« petit-boutiste », -m486, -O6 et tout ce genre "
"d'options de la bibliothèque libc4) et que cela a été un travail énorme que "
"d'avoir une base de paquets de départ sur ma machine (un Atari Medusa 68040, "
"32 MHz). Après trois mois (en novembre 1995), j'ai mis à disposition "
"200 paquets, sur les 250 disponibles, tous pour la bibliothèque libc5 ! ». "
"Plus tard, il commença un autre portage avec Vincent Renardias et Martin "
"Schulze, pour la famille des PowerPC."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:714
msgid ""
"Since this time, the Debian Project has grown to include several <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/\";>ports</ulink> to other architectures, "
"a port to a new (non-Linux) kernel, the GNU Hurd microkernel, and at least "
"one flavor of BSD kernel."
msgstr ""
"À partir de ce moment, le projet Debian s'est développé et a ajouté de "
"nombreux <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/\";>portages</ulink> vers "
"d'autres architectures, un portage vers un nouveau noyau non Linux (le "
"micronoyau GNU Hurd), et au moins une version de noyau BSD."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:720
msgid ""
"An early member of the project, Bill Mitchell, remembers the Linux kernel"
msgstr ""
"Un des tout premiers membres du projet, Bill Mitchell, se rappelle au sujet "
"du noyau Linux :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:723
msgid ""
"\"...  being between 0.99r8 and 0.99r15 when we got started.  For a long "
"time, I could build the kernel in less than 30 minutes on a 20 MHz 386-based "
"machine, and could also do a Debian install in that same amount of time in "
"under 10Mb of disk space."
msgstr ""
"« [...] On devait être entre la version 0.99r8 et 0.99r15 lorsqu'on a "
"débuté. Pendant très longtemps, j'étais capable de construire un noyau en "
"moins de 30 minutes sur une machine dotée d'un 386 à 20 MHz, et j'étais "
"ainsi capable d'installer une Debian dans le même temps avec moins de 10 Mo "
"d'espace disque. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:729
msgid ""
"\" ...  I recall the initial group as including Ian Murdock, myself, Ian "
"Jackson, another Ian who's surname I don't recall, Dan Quinlan, and some "
"other people who's names I don't recall.  Matt Welsh was either part of the "
"initial group or joined pretty early on (he has since left the project).  "
"Someone set up a mailing list, and we were off and running."
msgstr ""
"« [...] Je me souviens que l'équipe initiale comprenait Ian Murdock, moi-"
"même, Ian Jackson, un autre Ian dont le nom de famille m'échappe, Dan "
"Quinlan, et quelques autres personnes dont je ne me souviens plus des noms. "
"Matt Welsh faisait aussi partie du groupe initial, ou l'a rejoint tout au "
"début (il a depuis quitté le projet). Quelqu'un a créé une liste de "
"diffusion et nous nous sommes mis au travail. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:736
msgid ""
"As I recall, we didn't start off with a plan, and we didn't start off by "
"putting together a plan in any highly organized fashion.  Right from the "
"start, I do recall, we started off collecting up sources for a pretty random "
"collection of packages.  Over time, we came to focus on a collection of "
"items which would be required to put together the core of a distribution: "
"the kernel, a shell, update, getty, various other programs and support files "
"needed to init the system, and a set of core utilities.\""
msgstr ""
"« Si je me souviens bien, nous ne sommes pas partis d'un plan défini, et "
"nous n'avons pas commencé en définissant des objectifs avec une approche "
"très organisée. Dès le début, si je ne me trompe pas, nous avons rassemblé "
"aléatoirement les sources d'un certain nombre de paquets. Avec le temps, "
"nous avons fini par mettre au point une collection de composants qui "
"seraient nécessaires au cœur de la distribution : le noyau, un shell, "
"<command>update</command>, <command>getty</command>, de nombreux autres "
"programmes et fichiers de configuration requis pour initialiser le système "
"ainsi que tout un jeu d'utilitaires. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:746
msgid "The Early Debian Packaging System"
msgstr "Le premier gestionnaire de paquets de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:748
msgid ""
"At the very early stages of the Project, members considered distributing "
"source-only packages.  Each package would consist of the upstream source "
"code and a Debianized patch file, and users would untar the sources, apply "
"the patches, and compile binaries themselves.  They soon realized, however, "
"that some sort of binary distribution scheme would be needed.  The earliest "
"packaging tool, written by Ian Murdock and called <command>dpkg</command>, "
"created a package in a Debian-specific binary format, and could be used "
"later to unpack and install the files in the package."
msgstr ""
"Aux tout premiers pas du projet, ses membres ont choisi de ne distribuer que "
"les paquets source. Chaque paquet serait composé du code source amont ainsi "
"que d'une rustine pour Debian. Les utilisateurs n'auraient alors qu'à "
"« décompresser » les sources, appliquer les rustines puis compiler eux-"
"mêmes. Ils ont cependant compris très tôt qu'une distribution sous forme "
"d'exécutables serait nécessaire. Le premier outil d'empaquetage, écrit par "
"Ian Murdock et appelé dpkg, créait un paquet dans un format binaire "
"spécifique à Debian et pouvait être utilisé ensuite pour dépaqueter et "
"installer les fichiers d'un paquet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:758
msgid ""
"Ian Jackson soon took over the development of the packaging tool, renaming "
"the tool itself <command>dpkg-deb</command> and writing a front-end program "
"he named <command>dpkg</command> to facilitate the use of <command>dpkg-deb</"
"command> and provide the <emphasis>Dependencies</emphasis> and "
"<emphasis>Conflicts</emphasis> of today's Debian system.  The packages "
"produced by these tools had a header listing the version of the tool used to "
"create the package and an offset within the file to a <command>tar</command>-"
"produced archive, which was separated from the header by some control "
"information."
msgstr ""
"Ian Jackson a ensuite rapidement repris le développement de l'outil "
"d'empaquetage, en renommant l'outil lui-même <command>dpkg-deb</command> et "
"en écrivant une interface qu'il appela <command>dpkg</command> pour "
"faciliter l'utilisation de <command>dpkg-deb</command> et introduire les "
"notions de <emphasis>dépendances</emphasis> et <emphasis>conflits</emphasis> "
"du système Debian d'aujourd'hui. Les paquets fabriqués à partir de ces "
"outils possédaient un en-tête avec la version de l'outil utilisé pour créer "
"le paquet et un fichier à l'intérieur duquel se trouvait l'archive sous "
"forme compressée (tar), lequel était séparé de l'en-tête par des "
"informations de contrôle."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:769
msgid ""
"At about this time some debate arose between members of the project -- some "
"felt that the Debian-specific format created by <command>dpkg-deb</command> "
"should be dropped in favor of the format produced by the <command>ar</"
"command> program.  After several revised file formats and correspondingly-"
"revised packaging tools, the <command>ar</command> format was adopted.  The "
"key value of this change is that it makes it possible for a Debian package "
"to be un-packaged on any Unix-like system without the need to run an "
"untrusted executable.  In other words, only standard tools present on every "
"Unix system like 'ar' and 'tar' are required to unpack a Debian binary "
"package and examine the contents."
msgstr ""
"C'est à ce moment qu'un débat s'est ouvert au sein des membres du projet. "
"Certains préconisaient l'abandon du format spécifique de Debian créé par "
"<command>dpkg-deb</command> en faveur du format de l'outil <command>ar</"
"command>. Après de nombreuses versions de format de fichiers, et autant "
"d'adaptations des outils d'empaquetage, le format <command>ar</command> fut "
"adopté. La valeur ajoutée de ce changement fut la possibilité pour un paquet "
"Debian d'être dépaqueté sur n'importe quel système Unix sans avoir besoin de "
"lancer un exécutable auxiliaire. En d'autres mots, seuls les outils standard "
"présents sur chaque système Unix comme « ar » ou « tar » sont nécessaires au "
"dépaquetage d'un paquet binaire Debian pour en examiner le contenu."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:782
msgid "The 1.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 1.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:784
msgid ""
"When Ian Murdock left Debian, he appointed Bruce Perens as the next leader "
"of the project.  Bruce first became interested in Debian while he was "
"attempting to create a Linux distribution CD to be called \"Linux for "
"Hams\", which would include all of the Linux software useful to ham radio "
"operators.  Finding that the Debian core system would require much further "
"work to support his project, Bruce ended up working heavily on the base "
"Linux system and related installation tools, postponing his ham radio "
"distribution, including organizing (with Ian Murdock) the first set of "
"Debian install scripts, eventually resulting in the Debian Rescue Floppy "
"that was a core component of the Debian installation toolset for several "
"releases."
msgstr ""
"Lorsque Ian Murdock quitta Debian, il nomma Bruce Perens comme successeur. "
"Bruce s'était initialement intéressé à Debian alors qu'il essayait de créer "
"une distribution de Linux sur CD nommée « Linux for Hams », qui devait "
"inclure tous les logiciels Linux intéressant les opérateurs de radio "
"amateur. Constatant que le cœur du système Debian nécessitait encore bien "
"plus de développement pour correspondre à son projet, Bruce s'est mis à "
"travailler intensivement sur le système de base et les outils relatifs à "
"l'installation, en remettant ses projets à plus tard. Son travail incluait "
"l'assemblage (avec Ian Murdock) du premier ensemble des scripts "
"d'installation de Debian, qui ont permis de créer la disquette de secours, "
"qui a été un composant essentiel de la panoplie d'outils d'installation de "
"Debian pour plusieurs versions."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:796
msgid "Ian Murdock states:"
msgstr "Ian Murdock raconte :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:799
msgid ""
"\"Bruce was the natural choice to succeed me, as he had been maintaining the "
"base system for nearly a year, and he had been picking up the slack as the "
"amount of time I could devote to Debian declined rapidly.\""
msgstr ""
"« Bruce fut le candidat naturel à ma succession, car il entretenait le "
"système de base depuis près d'un an. Il a pu ainsi combler le vide dû au "
"fait que le temps que je pouvais consacrer à Debian diminuait rapidement. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:804
msgid ""
"He initiated several important facets of the project, including coordinating "
"the effort to produce the Debian Free Software Guidelines and the Debian "
"Social Contract, and initiating an Open Hardware Project.  During his time "
"as Project Leader, Debian gained market share and a reputation as a platform "
"for serious, technically-capable Linux users."
msgstr ""
"Il lança un certain nombre d'éléments importants du projet, dont la "
"coordination des efforts pour écrire les <emphasis>principes du logiciel "
"libre selon Debian</emphasis> et le <emphasis>Contrat Social de Debian</"
"emphasis> ainsi que le démarrage de l'<emphasis>Open Hardware Project</"
"emphasis>. Pendant la durée de ses fonctions de chef de Projet, Debian a "
"gagné des parts de marché et une réputation de plate-forme pour utilisateurs "
"de Linux sérieux et compétents."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:811
msgid ""
"Bruce Perens also spearheaded the effort to create <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.spi-inc.org/\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.</ulink>.  "
"Originally intended to provide the Debian Project with a legal entity "
"capable of accepting donations, its aims quickly expanded to include "
"supporting free software projects outside the Debian Project."
msgstr ""
"Bruce Perens a été le fer de lance des efforts visant à créer la société "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.spi-inc.org/\";>Software in the Public Interest</"
"ulink>. Destinée à l'origine à fournir un cadre légal au projet Debian "
"permettant l'acceptation de donations, ses objectifs se sont rapidement "
"étendus pour inclure le soutien de projets de logiciels libres en dehors de "
"Debian. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:818
msgid "The following Debian versions were released during this time:"
msgstr ""
"Voici les différentes versions de Debian publiées pendant cette période :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:823
msgid ""
"1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> released June 1996 (474 packages, 2.0 kernel, "
"fully ELF, <command>dpkg</command>)"
msgstr ""
"1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis>, sortie en juin 1996 (474 paquets, noyau 2.0, "
"entièrement au format ELF, introduction de <command>dpkg</command>) ;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:829
msgid ""
"1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> released December 1996 (848 packages, 120 "
"developers)"
msgstr ""
"1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis>, sortie en décembre 1996 (848 paquets, "
"120 développeurs) ;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:835
msgid ""
"1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> released July 1997 (974 packages, 200 developers)"
msgstr ""
"1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis>, sortie en juillet 1997 (974 paquets, "
"200 développeurs)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:840
msgid ""
"There were several interim \"point\" releases made to 1.3, with the last "
"being 1.3.1R6."
msgstr ""
"Il y a eu quelques versions intermédiaires pour la version 1.3, la dernière "
"portant le numéro 1.3.1R6."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:844
msgid ""
"Bruce Perens was replaced by Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader at the "
"beginning of January, 1998, after leading the project much of the way "
"through the preparation for the 2.0 release."
msgstr ""
"Bruce Perens a été remplacé par Ian Jackson comme chef de Projet Debian au "
"début du mois de janvier 1998, après avoir piloté le projet pendant une "
"grande partie de la préparation de la version 2.0."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:850
msgid "The 2.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 2.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:852
msgid ""
"Ian Jackson became the Leader of the Debian Project at the beginning of "
"1998, and was shortly thereafter added to the board of Software in the "
"Public Interest in the capacity of Vice President.  After the resignation of "
"the Treasurer (Tim Sailer), President (Bruce Perens), and Secretary (Ian "
"Murdock), he became President of the Board and three new members were "
"chosen: Martin Schulze (Vice President), Dale Scheetz (Secretary), and Nils "
"Lohner (Treasurer)."
msgstr ""
"Ian Jackson est devenu le responsable du Projet Debian au début de "
"l'année 1998 et tout de suite après vice-président de la <emphasis>Software "
"in the Public Interest</emphasis>. Après la démission du trésorier (Tim "
"Sailer), du président (Bruce Perens) et du secrétaire (Ian Murdock), il est "
"devenu président et trois nouveaux membres furent choisis : Martin Schulze "
"(vice-président), Dale Scheetz (secrétaire) et Nils Lohner (trésorier)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:861
msgid ""
"Debian 2.0 (<emphasis>Hamm</emphasis>) was released July 1998 for the Intel "
"i386 and Motorola 68000 series architectures.  This release marked the move "
"to a new version of the system C libraries (glibc2 or for historical reasons "
"libc6).  At the time of release, there were 1500+ packages maintained by "
"more than 400 Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"La version 2.0 de Debian (<emphasis>Hamm</emphasis>) est sortie en "
"juillet 1998 pour les architectures de processeur Intel i386 et Motorola "
"68000. Cette version se caractérisait par l'introduction d'une nouvelle "
"version des bibliothèques C (libc6 reposant sur la glibc2). Au moment de sa "
"sortie, il y avait plus de 1 500 paquets entretenus par plus de "
"400 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:868
msgid ""
"Wichert Akkerman succeeded Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader in January "
"of 1999.  <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/slink/\";>Debian 2.1</"
"ulink> was <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/";
"1999/19990309\">released</ulink> on 09 March, 1999, after being delayed by a "
"week when a few last-minute issues arose."
msgstr ""
"Wichert Akkerman succéda à Ian Jackson comme chef du Projet Debian en "
"janvier 1999. <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/slink/";
"\">Debian 2.1</ulink> a été <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/";
"1999/19990309\">publiée</ulink> le 9 mars 1999, après avoir été repoussée "
"d'une semaine à la suite de quelques soucis de dernière minute."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:875
msgid ""
"Debian 2.1 (<emphasis>Slink</emphasis>) featured official support for two "
"new architectures: <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\";>Alpha</"
"ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\";>Sparc</"
"ulink>.  The X-Windows packages included with Debian 2.1 were greatly "
"reorganized from previous releases, and 2.1 included <command>apt</command>, "
"the next-generation Debian package manager interface.  Also, this release of "
"Debian was the first to require 2 CD-ROMs for the \"Official Debian CD "
"set\"; the distribution included about 2250 packages."
msgstr ""
"Dans la version 2.1 de Debian (<emphasis>Slink</emphasis>) figurait deux "
"nouvelles architectures : <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/";
"\">Alpha</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/";
"\">Sparc</ulink>. Les paquets du système X-Windows inclus dans cette version "
"ont été grandement réorganisés par rapport aux versions précédentes, et "
"cette version vit l'inclusion de <command>apt</command>, l'interface de "
"gestion de paquets nouvelle génération. Enfin, cette version a été la "
"première à demander 2 CD pour l'ensemble officiel de CD Debian. La "
"distribution comportait environ 2 250 paquets."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:885
msgid ""
"On 21 April 1999, <ulink url=\"https://www.corel.com/\";>Corel Corporation</"
"ulink> and the <ulink url=\"https://www.kde.org/\";>K Desktop Project</ulink> "
"effectively formed an alliance with Debian when Corel announced its "
"intentions to release a Linux distribution based on Debian and the desktop "
"environment produced by the KDE group.  During the following spring and "
"summer months, another Debian-based distribution, Storm Linux, appeared, and "
"the Debian Project chose a new <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/logos/";
"\">logo</ulink>, featuring both an Official version for use on Debian-"
"sanctioned materials such as CD-ROMs and official Project web sites, and an "
"Unofficial logo for use on material mentioning or derived from Debian."
msgstr ""
"Le 21 avril 1999, l'entreprise <ulink url=\"https://www.corel.com/\";>Corel</"
"ulink> et le projet de bureau <ulink url=\"https://www.kde.org/\";>KDE</"
"ulink> formèrent une alliance avec Debian quand Corel annonça son intention "
"de publier une distribution Linux basée sur Debian et l'environnement de "
"bureau KDE. Une nouvelle distribution basée sur Debian, Storm Linux, apparut "
"durant les mois suivants et le projet Debian choisit un nouveau <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/logos/\";>logo</ulink>, avec une déclinaison "
"officielle pour tout matériel griffé Debian tel que CD et sites internet, et "
"un autre non officiel à utiliser pour tout matériel mentionnant ou dérivé de "
"Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:897
msgid ""
"A new, unique, Debian port also began at this time, for the <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/\";>Hurd</ulink> port.  This is the "
"first port to use a non-Linux kernel, instead using the <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html\">GNU Hurd</ulink>, a version of the GNU "
"Mach microkernel."
msgstr ""
"Un nouveau portage particulier de Debian débuta également à cette époque, "
"celui pour <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/\";>Hurd</ulink>. "
"Il fut le premier portage à utiliser un noyau autre que Linux, utilisant à "
"la place <ulink url=\"https://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html\";>GNU "
"Hurd</ulink>, une version du micronoyau Mach de GNU."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:903
msgid ""
"Debian developers joined formally for the first time in an annual meeting "
"called <ulink url=\"https://www.debconf.org\";>DebConf</ulink>.  The first "
"meeting, called <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebConf0\";>Debconf0</"
"ulink>, took place in Bordeaux, France from the 5th to the 9th of July 2000. "
"The conference aim was to join developers and advanced users in a single "
"place to talk about Debian and work together developing parts of the "
"distribution."
msgstr ""
"Les développeurs de Debian se sont retrouvés formellement pour la première "
"fois lors d’une rencontre annuelle appelée <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debconf.org\">DebConf</ulink>. La première rencontre, appelée <ulink "
"url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebConf0\";>Debconf0</ulink>, a eu lieu en "
"France, à Bordeaux, du 5 au 9 juillet 2000. Le but de la conférence était de "
"faire se rencontrer et parler les développeurs et les utilisateurs avancés "
"pour travailler ensemble et faire avancer certaines parties de la "
"distribution."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:912
msgid ""
"Debian 2.2 (<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>) was released August 15th, 2000 for "
"the Intel i386, Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC and ARM "
"architectures.  This was the first release including PowerPC and ARM ports.  "
"At the time of release, there were 3900+ binary and 2600+ source packages "
"maintained by more than 450 Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.2 (<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>) est sortie le 15 août 2000 pour les "
"architectures de processeurs Intel i386, Motorola 68000, Alpha, SUN Sparc, "
"PowerPC et ARM. Elle a été la première version à inclure les portages pour "
"PowerPC et ARM. Au moment de sa sortie, il y avait plus de 3 900 paquets "
"binaires et 2 600 paquets source entretenus par plus de 450 développeurs "
"Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:919
msgid ""
"An interesting fact about Debian 2.2 is that it showed how a free software "
"effort could lead to a modern operating system despite all the issues around "
"it.  This was studied thoroughly by a group of interested people in an "
"article called <ulink url=\"https://flosshub.org/53\";>Counting potatoes: The "
"size of Debian 2.2</ulink>, by Jesús González Barahona, quoting from this "
"article:"
msgstr ""
"Un fait intéressant à propos de Debian 2.2 fut de montrer comment un effort "
"collectif a permis d'aboutir à un système d'exploitation moderne malgré tous "
"les problèmes rencontrés. Cela fut étudié en détail par un groupe de "
"recherche et publié dans un article intitulé <ulink url=\"https://";
"flosshub.org/53\">Counting potatoes: The size of Debian 2.2</ulink> (compter "
"des pommes de terre : la taille Debian 2.2), par Jesús González Barahona. "
"Extrait de cet article : "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:931
msgid ""
"<emphasis>\"[...] we use David A.  Wheeler's sloccount system to determine "
"the number of physical source lines of code (SLOC) of Debian 2.2 (aka "
"potato).  We show that Debian 2.2 includes more than 55,000,000 physical "
"SLOC (almost twice than Red Hat 7.1, released about 8 months later), showing "
"that the Debian development model (based on the work of a large group of "
"voluntary developers spread around the world) is at least as capable as "
"other development methods [...] It is also shown that if Debian had been "
"developed using traditional proprietary methods, the COCOMO model estimates "
"that its cost would be close to $1.9 billion USD to develop Debian 2.2.  In "
"addition, we offer both an analysis of the programming languages used in the "
"distribution (C amounts for about 70%, C++ for about 10%, LISP and Shell are "
"around 5%, with many others to follow), and the largest packages (Mozilla, "
"the Linux kernel, PM3, XFree86, etc.)\"</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"« [...] nous avons utilisé le système sloccount de David A. Wheeler pour "
"déterminer le nombre de lignes de code source physiques (SLOC) de Debian 2.2 "
"(<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>). Nous avons montré que Debian 2.2 contenait "
"plus de 55 millions de SLOC physiques (presque deux fois plus que "
"Red Hat 7.1, sortie environ 8 mois plus tard), et démontrant que le modèle "
"de développement de Debian (basé sur le travail d'un groupe important de "
"développeurs volontaires répartis dans le monde) est au moins aussi efficace "
"que d'autres méthodes de développement [...] Nous avons également montré que "
"si Debian avait été développée avec les méthodes propriétaires habituelles, "
"le modèle COCOMO estime que le coût de Debian 2.2 aurait été proche de "
"1,9 milliard de dollars américains. De plus, nous avons fourni une analyse "
"des langages de programmation utilisés dans la distribution (C à 70 %, C++ à "
"10 %, LISP et Shell à 5 %, puis les autres), et des paquets les plus "
"importants (Mozilla, le noyau Linux, PM3, XFree86, etc.). »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:947
msgid "The 3.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 3.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:949
msgid ""
"Before woody could even begin to be prepared for release, a change to the "
"archive system on ftp-master had to be made.  Package pools, which enabled "
"special purpose distributions, such as the new \"Testing\" distribution used "
"for the first time to get woody ready for release, were <ulink url=\"https://";
"lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0012/msg00004.html\">activated on ftp-"
"master</ulink> in mid December 2000.  A package pool is just a collection of "
"different versions of a given package, from which multiple distributions "
"(currently experimental, unstable, testing, and stable) can draw packages, "
"which are then included in that distribution's Packages file."
msgstr ""
"Avant même le début de la préparation de la publication de Woody, un "
"changement dans le système d'archive sur ftp-master fut nécessaire. Le "
"regroupement de paquets (pools) permettant la publication de version à buts "
"spécifiques telle que la nouvelle version « testing » apparue pour la "
"première fois pour la préparation de la publication de Woody a été <ulink "
"url=\"https:/lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0012/"
"msg00004.html\">activée sur ftp-master</ulink> à la mi-décembre de "
"l'an 2000. Un pool de paquets est simplement une collection d'un même paquet "
"mais de version différente (expérimental, instable, testing et stable) d'où "
"sont tirés les paquets qui seront ensuite inclus dans le fichier Packages de "
"la distribution."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:960
msgid ""
"At the same time a new distribution <emphasis>testing</emphasis> was "
"introduced.  Mainly, packages from unstable that are said to be stable moved "
"to testing (after a period of a few weeks).  This was introduced in order to "
"reduce freeze time and give the project the ability to prepare a new release "
"at any time."
msgstr ""
"Au même moment, la nouvelle distribution <emphasis>testing</emphasis> fut "
"introduite. Le principe était de déplacer dans <emphasis>testing</emphasis> "
"les paquets de <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> annoncés stables, après une "
"période de quelques semaines. Cela a été introduit pour réduire le temps de "
"gel et donner au projet la possibilité de préparer une nouvelle version à "
"n'importe quel moment."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:967
msgid ""
"In that period, some of the companies that were shipping modified versions "
"of Debian closed down.  Corel sold its Linux division in the first quarter "
"of 2001, Stormix declared bankruptcy on January 17th 2001, and Progeny "
"ceased development of its distribution on October 1st, 2001."
msgstr ""
"À cette époque, certaines des sociétés qui distribuaient des versions "
"modifiées de Debian fermèrent définitivement. Corel vendit sa division Linux "
"lors du premier trimestre 2001, Stormix déclara faillite le 17 janvier 2001, "
"et Progeny arrêta le développement de sa distribution le 1er octobre 2001."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:973
msgid ""
"The freeze for the next release started on July 1st 2001.  However, it took "
"the project a little more than a year to get to the next release, due to "
"<ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0104/";
"msg00004.html\">problems in boot-floppies</ulink>, because of the "
"introduction of cryptographic software in the main archive and due to the "
"changes in the underlying architecture (the incoming archive and the "
"security architecture).  In that time, however, the stable release (Debian "
"2.2) was revised up to seven times, and two Project Leaders were elected: "
"Ben Collins (in 2001) and Bdale Garbee.  Also, work in many areas of Debian "
"besides packaging kept growing, including internationalization, Debian's web "
"site (over a thousand web pages) was translated into over 20 different "
"languages, and installation for the next release was ready in 23 languages.  "
"Two internal projects: Debian Junior (for children) and Debian Med (for "
"medical practice and research) started during the woody release time frame "
"providing the project with different focuses to make Debian suitable for "
"those tasks."
msgstr ""
"Le gel de la version suivante a débuté le premier juillet 2001. Cependant, "
"plus d'un an a été nécessaire pour finalement publier cette version, et cela "
"en raison <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0104/";
"msg00004.html\">de problèmes avec les disquettes de démarrage</ulink>, eux-"
"mêmes découlant de l'introduction de logiciels de cryptage dans l'archive "
"principale et dus aux changements dans l'architecture sous-jacente "
"(l'archive entrante et l'architecture de sécurité). Toutefois, pendant ce "
"temps, la version stable (Debian 2.2) a été révisée sept fois et deux chefs "
"de Projet ont été élus : Ben Collins en 2001 puis Bdale Garbee. En "
"parallèle, maints travaux dans divers domaines autres que l'empaquetage ont "
"été menés, en incluant la traduction du site internet (plus de mille pages) "
"dans plus de vingt langues. Deux autres projets internes (Debian Junior et "
"Debian Med) ont été lancés durant la phase de préparation de Woody, ce qui a "
"permis à Debian de mettre l'accent sur ces tâches spécifiques."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:990
msgid ""
"The work around Debian didn't stop the developers from joining the annual "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.debconf.org\";>DebConf</ulink> meeting.  The second "
"meeting <ulink url=\"https://debconf1.debconf.org/\";>Debconf1</ulink> was "
"held from the 2nd to the 5th of July together with the Libre Software "
"Meeting (LSM) at Bordeaux (France) gathered around forty Debian developers.  "
"The third conference, <ulink url=\"https://debconf2.debconf.org/\";>Debconf2</"
"ulink> took place in Toronto (Canada) July 5th 2002 with over eighty "
"participants."
msgstr ""
"Tout ce travail autour de Debian n'a pas empêché les développeurs de se "
"réunir dans la conférence annuelle appelée <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debconf.org\">DebConf</ulink>. La deuxième édition, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf1.debconf.org/\">Debconf1</ulink>, s'est tenue du 2 juillet au "
"5 juillet en même temps que la réunion du logiciel libre (Libre Software "
"Meeting – LSM) à Bordeaux en France. Cet événement a réuni environ quarante "
"développeurs Debian. La troisième conférence, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf2.debconf.org/\">Debconf2</ulink> s'est tenue à Toronto au Canada le "
"5 juillet 2002 et plus de quatre-vingts développeurs y participèrent."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1000
msgid ""
"Debian 3.0 (<emphasis>woody</emphasis>) was released July 19th, 2002 for the "
"Intel i386, Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC, ARM, HP PA-"
"RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) and IBM s/390 architectures.  This is the "
"first release including HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) and IBM s/390 "
"ports.  At the time of release, there were around 8500 binary packages "
"maintained by over nine hundred Debian developers, becoming the first "
"release to be available on DVD media as well as CD-ROMs."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.0 (<emphasis>Woody</emphasis>) est sortie le 19 juillet 2002 pour "
"les architectures de processeurs Intel i386, Motorola 68000, Alpha, SUN "
"Sparc, PowerPC, ARM, HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) et IBM s/390. Elle "
"fut la première version à inclure les portages pour HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, "
"MIPS (DEC) et IBM s/390. Au moment de sa sortie, il y avait plus de "
"8 500 paquets binaires entretenus par plus d'un millier de développeurs "
"Debian, et elle fut la première version à être disponible aussi bien sous "
"forme de DVD-ROM que sous forme de CD-ROM."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1009
msgid ""
"Before the next release the <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> annual meeting "
"continued with the fourth conference, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf3.debconf.org/\">DebConf3</ulink> taking place in Oslo from July 18th "
"to July 20th 2003 with over one hundred and twenty participants, with a "
"<emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> preceding it, from July 12th to July 17th.  The "
"fifth conference, <ulink url=\"https://debconf4.debconf.org/\";>DebConf4</"
"ulink>, took place from May 26th to June 2nd 2004 in Porto Alegre, Brazil "
"with over one hundred and sixty participants from twenty six different "
"countries."
msgstr ""
"En attendant la prochaine publication, les conférences Debian annuelles "
"continuaient : la quatrième, <ulink url=\"https://debconf3.debconf.org/";
"\">DebConf3</ulink>, s'est tenue à Oslo du 18 juillet au 20 juillet 2003 "
"avec plus de cent vingt participants, précédée d'un <emphasis>DebCamp</"
"emphasis> du 12 juillet au 17 juillet. La cinquième conférence, <ulink "
"url=\"https://debconf4.debconf.org/\";>Debconf4</ulink>, s'est tenue du "
"26 mai au 2 juin 2004 à Porto Alegre au Brésil et a rassemblé plus de cent "
"soixante participants venant de vingt-six pays différents."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1020
msgid ""
"Debian 3.1 (<emphasis>sarge</emphasis>) was released June 6th, 2005 for the "
"same architectures as <emphasis>woody</emphasis>, although an unofficial "
"AMD64 port was released at the same time using the project hosting "
"infrastructure provided for the distribution and available at Alioth "
"(formerly at https://alioth.debian.org).  There were around 15,000 binary "
"packages maintained by more than nine hundred Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.1 (<emphasis>Sarge</emphasis>) est sortie le 6 juin 2005 pour les "
"mêmes architectures que <emphasis>Woody</emphasis>, bien qu'un portage AMD64 "
"non officiel ait été publié au même moment, en utilisant l'infrastructure "
"d'hébergement du projet disponible sur Alioth (anciennement à l'adresse "
"https://alioth.debian.org). Il y avait alors environ 15 000 paquets binaires "
"entretenus par plus de neuf cents développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1029
msgid ""
"There were many major changes in the <emphasis>sarge</emphasis> release, "
"mostly due to the large time it took to freeze and release the "
"distribution.  Not only did this release update over 73% of the software "
"shipped in the previous version, but it also included much more software "
"than previous releases almost doubling in size with 9,000 new packages "
"including the OpenOffice suite, the Firefox web browser and the Thunderbird "
"e-mail client."
msgstr ""
"La version <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> a connu de nombreux changements "
"majeurs, principalement en raison du temps important pris pour le gel et la "
"publication de la distribution. Cette version n'a pas seulement mis à jour "
"plus de 73 % des logiciels fournis dans la version précédente, mais a aussi "
"ajouté plus de logiciels que les précédentes versions, en doublant presque "
"de taille, avec plus de 9 000 nouveaux paquets dont la suite OpenOffice, le "
"navigateur web Firefox et le client de messagerie électronique Thunderbird."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1037
msgid ""
"This release shipped with the 2.4 and 2.6 Linux kernel series, XFree86 4.3, "
"GNOME 2.8 and KDE 3.3 and with a brand new installer.  This new installer "
"replaced the aging boot-floppies installer with a modular design with "
"provided for more advanced installations (with RAID, XFS and LVM support) "
"including hardware detection and making installations easier for novice "
"users of all the architectures.  It also switched to <command>aptitude</"
"command> as the selected tool for package management.  But the installation "
"system also boasted full internationalization support as the software was "
"translated into almost forty languages.  The supporting documentation: "
"installation manual and release notes, were made available with the release "
"in ten and fifteen different languages respectively."
msgstr ""
"Cette version était livrée avec les séries 2.4 et 2.6 du noyau Linux, "
"XFree86 4.3, GNOME 2.8 et KDE 3.3 ainsi qu'un installateur flambant neuf. Ce "
"nouvel installateur a remplacé les disquettes d'amorçage vieillissantes par "
"une conception modulaire fournissant des installations modernes (avec la "
"prise en charge de RAID, XFS et LVM) avec détection du matériel, facilitant "
"ainsi les installations pour les novices, quelle que soit l'architecture. "
"<command>aptitude</command> est devenu l'outil de référence pour la gestion "
"des paquets. Le système d'installation peut aussi se vanter d'une gestion "
"complète de l'internationalisation puisqu'il a été traduit dans environ "
"quarante langues. La documentation, dont le manuel d'installation et les "
"notes de publication, ont été rendus disponibles lors de la publication dans "
"dix et quinze langues respectivement."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1050
msgid ""
"This release included the efforts of the Debian-Edu/Skolelinux, Debian-Med "
"and Debian-Accessibility sub-projects which boosted the number of "
"educational packages and those with a medical affiliation as well as "
"packages designed especially for people with disabilities."
msgstr ""
"Cette version incluait les efforts des sous-projets Debian-Edu/Skolelinux, "
"Debian-Med et Debian-Accessibility, qui ont augmenté le nombre de paquets "
"éducatifs, liés au domaine médical ainsi que ceux spécialement conçus pour "
"les personnes handicapées."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1056
msgid ""
"The sixth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf5.debconf.org/\">Debconf5</ulink> was held in Espoo, Finland, from "
"July 10th to July 17th, 2005 with over three hundred participants.  <ulink "
"url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2005/debconf5/\";>Videos</"
"ulink> from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La sixième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf5.debconf.org/\">DebConf5</ulink>, s'est tenue à Espoo en Finlande "
"entre le 10 et le 17 juillet 2005 avec plus de 300 participants. Des <ulink "
"url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2005/debconf5/\";>vidéos</"
"ulink> de cette conférence sont disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1064
msgid ""
"The seventh <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf6.debconf.org/\">Debconf6</ulink> was held in Oaxtepec, Mexico, from "
"May 14th to May 22nd, 2006 with around <ulink url=\"https://";
"gallery.debconf.org/aigars/dc6_group_photo_big\">two hundred</ulink> "
"participants.  <ulink url=\"https://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-";
"meetings/2006/debconf6/\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://";
"gallery.debconf.org/debconf6\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are "
"available online."
msgstr ""
"La septième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf6.debconf.org/\">DebConf6</ulink>, s'est tenue à Oaxtepec au Mexique "
"entre le 14 et le 22 mai 2006 avec plus de <ulink url=\"https://";
"gallery.debconf.org/aigars/dc6_group_photo_big\">200 participants</ulink>. "
"Des <ulink url=\"https://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-meetings/";
"2006/debconf6/\">vidéos</ulink> et des <ulink url=\"https://";
"gallery.debconf.org/debconf6\">photos</ulink> sont disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1075
msgid "The 4.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 4.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1077
msgid ""
"Debian 4.0 (<emphasis>etch</emphasis>) was <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/News/2007/20070408\">released</ulink> April 8th, 2007 for the "
"same number of architectures as in <emphasis>sarge</emphasis>.  This "
"included the AMD64 port but dropped support for m68k.  The m68k port was, "
"however, still available in the <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> distribution.  "
"There were around 18,200 binary packages maintained by more than one "
"thousand and thirty Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 4.0 <emphasis>Etch</emphasis> a été <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/News/2007/20070408\">publiée</ulink> le 8 avril 2007 avec le "
"même nombre d'architectures que celle de <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis>. Elle "
"incluait le portage pour AMD64, mais avait laissé tombé celui pour m68k. Ce "
"dernier était toutefois encore disponible dans la distribution "
"<emphasis>unstable</emphasis>. Elle contenait environ 18 200 paquets "
"binaires entretenus par plus de 1 030 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1087
msgid "The 5.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 5.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1089
msgid ""
"Debian 5.0 (<emphasis>lenny</emphasis>) was <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/News/2009/20090214\">released</ulink> February 14th, 2009 for "
"one more architecture than its predecessor, <emphasis>etch</emphasis>.  This "
"included the port for newer ARM processors.  As with the previous release, "
"support for the m68k architecture was still available in <emphasis>unstable</"
"emphasis>.  There were around 23,000 binary packages (built from over 12,000 "
"source packages) maintained by more than one thousand and ten Debian "
"developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 5.0 <emphasis>Lenny</emphasis> a été <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/News/2009/20090214\">publiée</ulink> le 14 février 2009 avec "
"une architecture de plus que son prédécesseur <emphasis>Etch</emphasis>. "
"Elle incluait le portage pour les nouveaux processeurs ARM. Comme pour la "
"version précédente, le portage pour l'architecture m68k était encore "
"disponible dans <emphasis>unstable</emphasis>. Elle contenait environ "
"23 000 paquets binaires (construits à partir de plus de 12 000 paquets "
"source) entretenus par plus de 1 010 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1099
msgid ""
"With the release of Debian lenny, the naming scheme for point releases was "
"<ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/02/";
"msg00003.html\">changed</ulink>: point releases will use a true micro "
"version number, so the first point release of Debian lenny will be 5.0.1. In "
"the past point releases were named by an <emphasis>r</emphasis> plus the "
"number appended to major and minor number, e.g. 4.0r1."
msgstr ""
"Avec la publication de Debian Lenny un <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/";
"debian-devel-announce/2009/02/msg00003.html\">changement</ulink> est "
"intervenu dans la façon de nommer les versions intermédiaires. Ces versions "
"utiliseront désormais un vrai micro numéro de version, ainsi la première "
"version intermédiaire de Lenny était 5.0.1. Par le passé, un <emphasis>r</"
"emphasis> auquel étaient accolés un numéro majeur et un mineur (par exemple, "
"4.0r1) définissait la version intermédiaire."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1108
msgid ""
"The eighth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf7.debconf.org/\">Debconf7</ulink>, was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, "
"from June 17th to 23th, 2007 with over four hundred participants.  <ulink "
"url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2007/debconf7/\";>Videos</"
"ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/debconf7\";>pictures</"
"ulink> from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La huitième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf7.debconf.org/\">Debconf7</ulink>, s'est tenue à Édimbourg en Écosse "
"du 17 au 23 juin 2007 avec plus de 400 participants. Des <ulink "
"url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2007/debconf7/\";>vidéos</"
"ulink> et des <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/debconf7\";>photos</"
"ulink> de cette conférence sont disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1117
msgid ""
"The ninth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf8.debconf.org/\">Debconf8</ulink>, was held in Mar de Plata, "
"Argentina, from August 10th to 16th, 2008 with over <ulink url=\"https://";
"gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf8/karora/OfficialPhoto.jpg.html\">two hundred</"
"ulink> participants.  <ulink url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-";
"meetings/2008/debconf8/\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://";
"gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf8/\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are "
"available online."
msgstr ""
"La neuvième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf8.debconf.org/\">Debconf8</ulink>, s'est tenue à Mar de Plata en "
"Argentine du 10 au 16 août 2008 avec plus de <ulink url=\"https://";
"gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf8/karora/OfficialPhoto.jpg.html\">deux cents</"
"ulink> participants. Des <ulink url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-";
"meetings/2008/debconf8/\">vidéos</ulink> et des <ulink url=\"https://";
"gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf8/\">photos</ulink> de cette conférence sont "
"disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1127
msgid ""
"The tenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf9.debconf.org/\">Debconf9</ulink>, was held in Cáceres, Spain, from "
"July 23th to 30th, 2009 with over <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/";
"DebConf9/Pictures/GroupPhoto\">two hundred</ulink> participants.  <ulink "
"url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2009/debconf9/\";>Videos</"
"ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf9/\";>pictures</"
"ulink> from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La dixième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf9.debconf.org/\">Debconf9</ulink>, s'est tenue à Cáceres en Espagne "
"du 23 au 30 juillet 2009 avec plus de <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debconf.org/";
"wiki/DebConf9/Pictures/GroupPhoto\">deux cents</ulink> participants. Des "
"<ulink url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2009/";
"debconf9/\">vidéos</ulink> et des <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/";
"debconf9/\">photos</ulink> de cette conférence sont disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1137
msgid ""
"The eleventh <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf10.debconf.org/\">Debconf10</ulink>, was held in New York City, "
"United States of America, from August 1st to 7th, 2010 with DebCamp "
"preceding it from July 25th to 31st.  Over <ulink url=\"https://";
"wiki.debconf.org/wiki/DebConf10/GroupPhoto\">200 people</ulink> including "
"Debian developers, maintainers, users gathered at the Columbia Campus to "
"participate in the conference.  <ulink url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/";
"debian-meetings/2010/debconf10/\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://";
"gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf10/\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are "
"available online."
msgstr ""
"La onzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf10.debconf.org/\">Debconf10</ulink>, s'est tenue à New York aux États-"
"Unis du premier au 7 août 2010 précédée par le DebCamp du 25 au 31 juillet. "
"Plus de <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/DebConf10/";
"GroupPhoto\">200 personnes</ulink> incluant des développeurs Debian, des "
"gestionnaires de paquets et des utilisateurs se sont rassemblés sur le "
"campus de Columbia et ont participé à la conférence. Des <ulink "
"url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2010/debconf10/\";>vidéos</"
"ulink> et des <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/";
"debconf10/\">photos</ulink> de cette conférence sont disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1150
msgid "The 6.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 6.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1152
msgid ""
"Debian 6.0 (<emphasis>squeeze</emphasis>) was released February 6th, 2011."
msgstr ""
"Debian 6.0 <emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis> a été publiée le 6 février 2011."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1155
msgid ""
"After the project decided, the 29th of July 2009, to <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/News/2009/20090729\">adopt time-based freezes</ulink> so that "
"new releases would be published the first half of every even year.  Squeeze "
"was a one-time exception to the two-year policy in order to get into the new "
"time schedule."
msgstr ""
"Le Projet décida le 29 juillet 2009 d'adopter <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.debian.org/News/2009/20090729\">des gels temporaux</ulink> afin de "
"pouvoir publier les nouvelles versions en début d'année paire. Squeeze a été "
"une exception dans cette nouvelle politique de publication sur deux ans afin "
"de permettre de se caler sur cet agenda."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1162
msgid ""
"This policy was adopted in order to provide better predictability of "
"releases for users of the Debian distribution, and also allow Debian "
"developers to do better long-term planning.  A two-year release cycle "
"provided more time for disruptive changes, reducing inconveniences caused "
"for users.  Having predictable freezes was expected also to reduce overall "
"freeze time."
msgstr ""
"Cette politique a été adoptée pour fournir une meilleure prévisibilité aux "
"utilisateurs de Debian ainsi que pour permettre aux développeurs de Debian "
"d'optimiser leur planning sur le long terme. Un cycle de deux ans pour les "
"publications permet d'avoir plus de temps pour les changements "
"perturbateurs, ce qui réduit les désagréments occasionnés aux utilisateurs. "
"Des dates de gel prévisibles devraient également permettre de réduire la "
"durée totale de la période de gel."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1169
msgid ""
"However, even though the freeze was expected in December 2009, the <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100806\";>announcement that squeeze "
"had frozen</ulink> came in August 2010, coinciding with the celebration of "
"the 10th annual DebConf meeting in New York."
msgstr ""
"Toutefois et bien que le gel était attendu pour décembre 2009, l'<ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100806\";>annonce du gel de Squeeze</"
"ulink> arriva au mois d'août 2010, ce qui coïncidait avec la célébration de "
"la onzième conférence DebConf à New York."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1175
msgid "New features include:"
msgstr "Les nouvelles fonctionnalités incluent :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1180
msgid ""
"Linux Kernel 2.6.32, now completely free and without problematic firmware "
"files."
msgstr ""
"Le noyau Linux 2.6.32, maintenant complètement libre et sans les fichiers "
"problématiques des microprogrammes (« firmware »)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1186
msgid "libc: eglibc 2.11"
msgstr "libc : eglibc 2.11"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1191
msgid "GNOME 2.30.0 with some pieces of 2.32"
msgstr "La version 2.30.0 de GNOME avec quelques parties de 2.32"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1196
msgid "KDE 4.4.5"
msgstr "KDE 4.4.5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1201
msgid "X.org 7.5"
msgstr "X.org 7.5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1206
msgid "Xfce 4.6"
msgstr "Xfce 4.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1211
msgid "OpenOffice.org 3.2.1"
msgstr "OpenOffice.org 3.2.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1216
msgid "Apache 2.2.16"
msgstr "Apache 2.2.16"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1221
msgid "PHP 5.3.3"
msgstr "PHP 5.3.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1226
msgid "MySQL 5.1.49"
msgstr "MySQL 5.1.49"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1231
msgid "PostgreSQL 8.4.6"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 8.4.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1236
msgid "Samba 3.5.6"
msgstr "Samba 3.5.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1241
msgid "GCC 4.4"
msgstr "GCC 4.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1246
msgid "Perl 5.10"
msgstr "Perl 5.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1251
msgid "Python 2.6 and 3.1"
msgstr "Python 2.6 et 3.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1256
msgid ""
"10,000 new packages, for more than 29,000 binary packages built from nearly "
"15,000 source packages."
msgstr ""
"10 000 nouveaux paquets pour plus de 29 000 paquets binaires construits à "
"partir de presque 15 000 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1262
msgid ""
"DKMS, a framework to generate Linux kernel modules whose sources do not "
"reside in the Linux kernel source tree."
msgstr ""
"DKMS, une structure pour générer des modules du noyau Linux dont les sources "
"ne se trouvent pas dans l'arbre des sources du noyau Linux."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1268
msgid ""
"Dependency-based ordering of init scripts using insserv, allowing parallel "
"execution to shorten the time needed to boot the system."
msgstr ""
"Le démarrage basé sur les dépendances des scripts d'initialisation en "
"utilisant insserv, permettant l'exécution en parallèle de ces scripts, "
"réduisant le temps de démarrage du système."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1274
msgid "Two new ports, kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64."
msgstr "Deux nouveaux portages, kfreebsd-i386 et kfreebsd-amd64."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1279
msgid ""
"Many packages started using a new source package format based on quilt.  "
"This <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Projects/DebSrc3.0\";>new format</"
"ulink>, called \"3.0 (quilt)\" for non-native packages, separates Debian "
"patches from the distributed source code.  A new format, \"3.0 (native)\", "
"was also introduced for native packages.  New features in these formats "
"include support for multiple upstream tarballs, support for bzip2 and lzma "
"compressed tarballs and the inclusion of binary files."
msgstr ""
"De nombreux paquets ont commencé à utiliser le nouveau format de paquet "
"source basé sur quilt. Ce <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Projects/";
"DebSrc3.0\">nouveau format</ulink> appelé « 3.0 (quilt) » pour les paquets "
"non natifs permet de séparer les rustines Debian du code source. Un nouveau "
"format « 3.0 (native) » a été également introduit pour les paquets natifs. "
"Ces formats incluent de nouvelles fonctionnalités telles que la gestion des "
"archives (tarball) multiples de l'amont, la gestion des formats de "
"compression bzip2 et lzma et l'inclusion de fichiers binaires."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1288
msgid ""
"The twelfth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf11.debconf.org/\">Debconf11</ulink>, was held in Banja Luka, Republic "
"of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 24 to 30 July 2011, with DebCamp "
"preceding it from 17 to 23 July."
msgstr ""
"La douzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf11.debconf.org/\">Debconf11</ulink>, a eu lieu à Banja Luka, en "
"République Serbe, Bosnie-Herzégovine du 24 au 31 juillet 2011, précédée par "
"le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> du 17 au 23 juillet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1294
msgid ""
"The thirteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf12.debconf.org/\">Debconf12</ulink>, was held in Managua, Nicaragua, "
"from 8 to 14 July 2012, with DebCamp preceding it from 1 to 6 July, and a "
"Debian Day on 7 July."
msgstr ""
"La treizième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf12.debconf.org/\">Debconf12</ulink>, a eu lieu à Managua au Nicaragua "
"du 8 au 14 juillet 2012, précédée par le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> du 1er "
"au 6 juillet et de la Journée Debian le 7 juillet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1301
msgid "The 7.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 7.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1303
msgid ""
"Debian 7.0 (<emphasis>wheezy</emphasis>) was released May 4th, 2013.  This "
"new version of Debian included various interesting features such as <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110726b\";>multiarch support</"
"ulink>, several <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/";
"2012/20120425\">specific tools to deploy private clouds</ulink>, an improved "
"installer, and a complete set of multimedia codecs and front-ends which "
"removed the need for third-party repositories."
msgstr ""
"Debian 7.0 <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> a été publiée le 4 mai 2013. Cette "
"nouvelle version de Debian incluait une variété intéressante de nouvelles "
"fonctionnalités telles que la gestion <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/";
"News/2011/20110726b\">multiarch</ulink> (architectures multiples), plusieurs "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120425\";> outils spécifiques "
"pour le déploiement de nuage privé</ulink>, un installateur amélioré et un "
"ensemble complet de codecs multimédia et de frontaux qui ont supprimé le "
"besoin de dépôts tiers."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1312
msgid ""
"After the release of Debian wheezy, the naming scheme for point releases was "
"<ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-release/2013/05/";
"msg01020.html\">changed once again</ulink>: point releases will be named by "
"the minor version number, e.g. 7.1.  In the past point releases were named "
"by the micro number appended to major and minor number, e.g. 6.0.1."
msgstr ""
"Le schéma de nommage pour les versions intermédiaires fut à nouveau <ulink "
"url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-release/2013/05/";
"msg01020.html\">modifié</ulink> et cela juste après la publication de "
"Wheezy. Ces dernières seront dès lors nommées par un numéro de version "
"mineur, par exemple 7.1. Par le passé, les versions intermédiaires étaient "
"nommées par un numéro micro de version accolé aux numéros majeur et mineur, "
"par exemple 6.0.1."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1320
msgid ""
"During the Debian Conference DebConf11, in July 2011, the \"multiarch "
"support\" was introduced.  This feature was a release goal for this "
"release.  Multiarch is a radical rethinking of the filesystem hierarchy with "
"respect to library and header paths, to make programs and libraries of "
"different hardware architectures easily installable in parallel on the very "
"same system.  This allows users to install packages from multiple "
"architectures on the same machine.  This is useful in various ways, but the "
"most common is installing both 64 and 32-bit software on the same machine "
"and having dependencies correctly resolved automatically.  This feature is "
"described extensively in the <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/";
"HOWTO\">Multiarch manual</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"La gestion multiarchitecture a été introduite durant la douzième conférence "
"DebConf. Cette fonctionnalité était alors un des buts de cette version. La "
"gestion multiarchitecture est une manière radicale de repenser la hiérarchie "
"du système de fichiers par rapport aux chemins des bibliothèques et des en-"
"têtes, afin de permettre à des programmes et à des bibliothèques "
"d'architectures matérielles différentes d'être facilement installables en "
"parallèle sur le même système. C'est très utile pour de nombreuses raisons, "
"la plus commune étant de pouvoir installer des logiciels 32 et 64 bits sur "
"la même machine et ayant les dépendances correctement résolues. Cette "
"fonctionnalité est décrite en détails dans le <ulink url=\"https://";
"wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO\"> manuel de multiarchitecture</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1332
msgid ""
"The installation process was greatly improved.  The system could be "
"installed using software speech, above all by visually impaired people who "
"do not use a Braille device.  Thanks to the combined efforts of a huge "
"number of translators, the installation system was available in 73 "
"languages, and more than a dozen of them were available for speech synthesis "
"too.  In addition, for the first time, Debian supported installation and "
"booting using UEFI for new 64-bit PCs, although there was no support for "
"<emphasis>Secure Boot</emphasis> yet."
msgstr ""
"La procédure d'installation a été grandement améliorée. Le système peut "
"désormais être installé à l'aide d'un logiciel de synthèse vocale, par "
"exemple pour les personnes malvoyantes ne disposant pas de périphérique "
"braille. Grâce à la contribution d'un grand nombre de traducteurs, le "
"système d'installation est disponible dans 73 langues et plus d'une dizaine "
"pour la synthèse vocale. De plus, et pour la première fois, Debian gère "
"l'installation et le démarrage UEFI pour les nouveaux PC 64 bits, mais sans "
"toutefois la prise en compte de la gestion du <emphasis>démarrage sécurisé</"
"emphasis> (Secure Boot)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1342 project-history.en.dbk:1478
msgid "Other new features and updated software packages included:"
msgstr ""
"Les autres nouvelles fonctionnalités et paquets logiciels mis à jour "
"incluent :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1347
msgid "Linux Kernel 3.2"
msgstr "Le noyau Linux 3.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1352
msgid "kFreeBSD kernel 8.3 and 9.0"
msgstr "Le noyau kFreeBSD 8.3 et 9.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1357
msgid "libc: eglibc 2.13"
msgstr "libc : eglibc 2.13"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1362
msgid "the GNOME 3.4 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau GNOME 3.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1367
msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 4.8.4"
msgstr "Les espaces de travail KDE Plasma et les applications KDE 4.8.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1372
msgid "the Xfce 4.8 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1377
msgid "X.org 7.7"
msgstr "X.org 7.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1382
msgid "LibreOffice 3.5.4 (replacing OpenOffice)"
msgstr "LibreOffice 3.5.4 (qui remplace OpenOffice)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1387
msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.1.4"
msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.1.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1392
msgid "Apache 2.2.22"
msgstr "Apache 2.2.22"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1397
msgid "Tomcat 6.0.35 and 7.0.28"
msgstr "Tomcat 6.0.35 et 7.0.28"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1402
msgid "PHP 5.4"
msgstr "PHP 5.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1407
msgid "MySQL 5.5.30"
msgstr "MySQL 5.5.30"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1412
msgid "PostgreSQL 9.1"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1417
msgid "Samba 3.6.6"
msgstr "Samba 3.6.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1422
msgid "GCC 4.7 on PCs (4.6 elsewhere)"
msgstr "GCC 4.7 sur PC (et 4.6 ailleurs)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1427
msgid "Perl 5.14"
msgstr "Perl 5.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1432
msgid "Python 2.7"
msgstr "Python 2.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1437
msgid ""
"12,800 new packages, for more than 37,400 binary packages built from nearly "
"17,500 source packages."
msgstr ""
"12 800 nouveaux paquets pour plus de 37 400 paquets binaires construits à "
"partir de presque 17 500 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1443
msgid ""
"For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the "
"<emphasis>What's new in Debian 7.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Wheezy</"
"emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/wheezy/";
"releasenotes\">Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites "
"dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf "
"dans Debian 7.0</emphasis> de <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> des <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/wheezy/releasenotes\";>notes de "
"publication</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1449
msgid ""
"The fourteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf13.debconf.org/\">Debconf13</ulink>, was held in Vaumarcus, "
"Switzerland, from 11 to 18 August 2013, with DebCamp preceding it from 6 to "
"10 August, and a Debian Day on 11 August."
msgstr ""
"La quatorzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf13.debconf.org/\">Debconf13</ulink>, a eu lieu à Vaumarcus en Suisse "
"du 11 au 18 août 2013, précédée par le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> du 6 au "
"10 août et de la Journée Debian le 11 août."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1455
msgid ""
"The fifteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf14.debconf.org/\">Debconf14</ulink>, was held in Portland, United "
"States of America, from 23 to 31 August 2014. With 301 attendees it was the "
"largest Debconf in the Western hemisphere to date."
msgstr ""
"La quinzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf14.debconf.org/\">Debconf14</ulink> a eu lieu à Portland, aux États-"
"Unis du 23 au 31 août 2014. Avec 301 participants, ce fut la plus importante "
"DebConf de l'hémisphère occidental à ce jour."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1462
msgid "The 8.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 8.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1464
msgid "Debian 8.0 (<emphasis>Jessie</emphasis>) was released April 25th, 2015."
msgstr "Debian 8.0 <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> a été publiée le 25 avril 2015."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1472
msgid ""
"In the Debian Project Leader Elections of the previous four years the number "
"of voters had been usually around 40% of the existing Debian Developers"
msgstr ""
"Le pourcentage de participants aux élections du chef de Projet de Debian des "
"quatre dernières années tournaient généralement autour des 40 % des "
"développeurs Debian existants."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1467
msgid ""
"A major change in this release was the replacement of the init system: "
"systemd replaced sysvinit.  This new init system featured many improvements "
"and faster boot times.  Its inclusion, however, sparked a lot of debate in "
"the different mailing lists and even led to a General Resolution titled "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/vote/2014/vote_003\";>init system "
"coupling</ulink>.  which was voted by close to half of the "
"developers<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Une modification majeure de cette version fut le remplacement du système "
"d'initialisation historique <emphasis>sysvinit</emphasis> par "
"<emphasis>systemd</emphasis> qui apportait de nombreuses améliorations et "
"des durées de démarrage plus courtes. Son adoption fut toutefois douloureuse "
"et créa de nombreux débats sur les listes de diffusion et se termina même "
"par une résolution générale intitulée <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/";
"vote/2014/vote_003\">couplage du système d'initialisation</ulink> qui fut "
"votée par près de la moitié des développeurs<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"id=\"0\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1483
msgid "Apache 2.4.10"
msgstr "Apache 2.4.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1488
msgid "Asterisk 11.13.1"
msgstr "Asterisk 11.13.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1493
msgid "GIMP 2.8.14"
msgstr "Gimp 2.8.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1498
msgid "an updated version of the GNOME desktop environment 3.14"
msgstr "Une version mise à niveau de l'environnement de bureau GNOME 3.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1503
msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 4.9.2"
msgstr "Collection de compilation GNU 4.9.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1508
msgid "Icedove 31.6.0 (an unbranded version of Mozilla Thunderbird)"
msgstr "Icedove 31.6.0 (version démarquée de Mozilla Thunderbird)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1513
msgid "Iceweasel 31.6.0esr (an unbranded version of Mozilla Firefox)"
msgstr "Iceweasel 31.6.0esr (version démarquée de Mozilla Firefox)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1518
msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 4.11.13"
msgstr "Les espaces de travail KDE Plasma et les applications KDE 4.11.13"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1523
msgid "LibreOffice 4.3.3"
msgstr "LibreOffice 4.3.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1528
msgid "Linux 3.16.7-ctk9"
msgstr "Linux 3.16.7-ctk9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1533
msgid "MariaDB 10.0.16 and MySQL 5.5.42"
msgstr "MariaDB 10.0.16 et MySQL 5.5.42"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1538
msgid "Nagios 3.5.1"
msgstr "Nagios 3.5.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1543
msgid "OpenJDK 7u75"
msgstr "OpenJDK 7u75"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1548
msgid "Perl 5.20.2"
msgstr "Perl 5.20.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1553
msgid "PHP 5.6.7"
msgstr "PHP 5.6.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1558
msgid "PostgreSQL 9.4.1"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.4.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1563
msgid "Python 2.7.9 and 3.4.2"
msgstr "Python 2.7.9 et 3.4.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1568
msgid "Samba 4.1.17"
msgstr "Samba 4.1.17"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1573
msgid "Tomcat 7.0.56 and 8.0.14"
msgstr "Tomcat 7.0.56 et 8.0.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1578
msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.4.1"
msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.4.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1583
msgid "the Xfce 4.10 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1588
msgid ""
"more than 43,000 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly "
"20,100 source packages."
msgstr ""
"Plus de 43 000 nouveaux paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de "
"presque 20 100 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1594
msgid ""
"For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the "
"<emphasis>What's new in Debian 8.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Jessie</"
"emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/";
"releasenotes\">Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites "
"dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf "
"dans Debian 8.0</emphasis> des <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/";
"jessie/releasenotes\">notes de publication</ulink> de <emphasis>Jessie</"
"emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1600
msgid ""
"The sixteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf15.debconf.org/\">Debconf15</ulink>, with DebCamp and the Open "
"Weekend, took place in Heidelberg, Germany, from 9 to 22 August 2015."
msgstr ""
"La seizième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf15.debconf.org/\">Debconf15</ulink> s'est tenue à Heidelberg, en "
"Allemagne, du 9 au 22 août 2015, avec un <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> et un "
"week-end ouvert."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1605
msgid ""
"The seventeenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf16.debconf.org/\">Debconf16</ulink> was held in Cape Town, South "
"Africa, from 23 June to 9 July 2016 (preceded by DebCamp and DebianDay).  It "
"was the first DebConf in Africa."
msgstr ""
"La dix-septième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink "
"url=\"https://debconf16.debconf.org/\";>Debconf16</ulink> a eu lieu au Cap, "
"en Afrique du Sud du 23 juin au 9 Juillet 2016, précédée par le "
"<emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> et de la Journée Debian. C'est la première "
"DebConf tenue en Afrique."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1612
msgid "The 9.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 9.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1614
msgid "Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) was released June 17th, 2017."
msgstr ""
"Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) a été publiée le 17 juin 2017."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1617 project-history.en.dbk:1762
#: project-history.en.dbk:1908
msgid "New features and updated software packages included:"
msgstr "Les nouvelles fonctionnalités et mises à jour de paquets incluaient :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1622
msgid "Apache 2.4.23"
msgstr "Apache 2.4.23"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1627
msgid "Bind 9.10"
msgstr "Bind 9.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1632
msgid "Calligra 2.9"
msgstr "Calligra 2.9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1637
msgid "Emacs 25.1"
msgstr "Emacs 25.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1642
msgid "Firefox 50.0"
msgstr "Firefox 50.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1647
msgid "GNOME desktop environment 3.22"
msgstr "Environnement de bureau Gnome 3.22"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1652
msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 6.3"
msgstr "La collection de compilation GNU 6.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1657
msgid "GnuPG 2.1"
msgstr "GnuPG 2.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1662
msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 5.8"
msgstr "L'espace de travail Plasma de KDE et ses applications version 5.8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1667
msgid "LibreOffice 5.2.7"
msgstr "LibreOffice 5.2.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1672
msgid "Linux 4.9"
msgstr "Linux 4.9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1677
msgid "MariaDB 10.1"
msgstr "MariaDB 10.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1682
msgid "OpenJDK 8"
msgstr "OpenJDK 8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1687
msgid "OpenSSH 7.4p1"
msgstr "OpenSSH 7.4p1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1692
msgid "Perl 5.24"
msgstr "Perl 5.24"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1697
msgid "PHP 7.0"
msgstr "PHP 7.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1702
msgid "Postfix 3.1"
msgstr "Postfix 3.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1707
msgid "PostgreSQL 9.6"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1712
msgid "Python 3.5"
msgstr "Python 3.5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1717
msgid "Samba 4.5.8"
msgstr "Samba 4.5.8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1722
msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.8.1"
msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.8.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1727 project-history.en.dbk:1872
msgid "the Xfce 4.12 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.12"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1732
msgid ""
"more than 51,000 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly "
"25,000 source packages."
msgstr ""
"plus de 51 000 paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de près de "
"25 000 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1738
msgid ""
"For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the "
"<emphasis>What's new in Debian 9.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Stretch</"
"emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/stretch/";
"releasenotes\">Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites "
"dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf "
"dans Debian 9.0</emphasis> des <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/";
"stretch/releasenotes\">notes de publication</ulink> de <emphasis>Stretch</"
"emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1745
msgid ""
"The eighteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf17.debconf.org/\">Debconf17</ulink> took place in Montreal, Canada, "
"from 31 July to 12 August 2017, preceded by its DebCamp and the DebianDay."
msgstr ""
"La dix-huitième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink "
"url=\"https://debconf17.debconf.org/\";>Debconf17</ulink>, a eu lieu à "
"Montréal au Canada du 31 juillet au 12 août 2017, précédée par le "
"<emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> et la Journée Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1750
msgid ""
"The nineteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf18.debconf.org/\">Debconf18</ulink> - the first DebConf in Asia - was "
"held in Hsinchu, Taiwan, from 21 July to 5 August 2018, traditionally "
"preceded by the DebCamp and an Open Day for the public."
msgstr ""
"La dix-neuvième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink "
"url=\"https://debconf18.debconf.org/\";>Debconf18</ulink>, la première "
"DebConf en Asie, s'est tenue à Hsinchu, à Taïwan, du 21 juillet au "
"5 août 2018, précédée, comme d’habitude, par le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> "
"et d'une journée ouverte au public."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1757
msgid "The 10.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 10.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1759
msgid "Debian 10.0 (<emphasis>Buster</emphasis>) was released July 6th, 2019."
msgstr ""
"Debian 10.0 (<emphasis>Buster</emphasis>) a été publiée le 6 juillet 2019."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1767
msgid "Apache 2.4.38"
msgstr "Apache 2.4.38"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1772
msgid "Bind 9.11"
msgstr "Bind 9.11"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1777
msgid "Calligra 3.1"
msgstr "Calligra 3.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1782
msgid "Emacs 26.1"
msgstr "Emacs 26.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1787
msgid "Firefox 60.7"
msgstr "Firefox 60.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1792
msgid "GNOME desktop environment 3.30"
msgstr "Environnement de bureau Gnome 3.30"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1797
msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 8.3"
msgstr "La collection de compilation GNU 8.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1802
msgid "GnuPG 2.2"
msgstr "GnuPG 2.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1807
msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 5.14"
msgstr "L'espace de travail Plasma de KDE et ses applications version 5.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1812
msgid "LibreOffice 6.1"
msgstr "LibreOffice 6.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1817
msgid "Linux 4.19"
msgstr "Linux 4.19"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1822
msgid "MariaDB 10.3"
msgstr "MariaDB 10.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1827 project-history.en.dbk:1973
msgid "OpenJDK 11"
msgstr "OpenJDK 11"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1832
msgid "OpenSSH 7.9p1"
msgstr "OpenSSH 7.9p1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1837
msgid "Perl 5.28"
msgstr "Perl 5.28"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1842
msgid "PHP 7.3"
msgstr "PHP 7.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1847
msgid "Postfix 3.3.2"
msgstr "Postfix 3.3.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1852
msgid "PostgreSQL 11"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 11"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1857
msgid "Python 3.7.3"
msgstr "Python 3.7.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1862
msgid "Rustc 1.34"
msgstr "Rustc 1.34"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1867
msgid "Samba 4.9"
msgstr "Samba 4.9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1877
msgid ""
"more than 57,700 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly "
"25,000 source packages."
msgstr ""
"plus de 57 700 paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de près de "
"25 000 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1883
msgid ""
"For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the "
"<emphasis>What's new in Debian 10.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Buster</"
"emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/";
"releasenotes\">Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites "
"dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf "
"dans Debian 10.0</emphasis> des <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/";
"buster/releasenotes\">notes de publication</ulink> de <emphasis>Buster</"
"emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1890
msgid ""
"Right after the release of <emphasis>Buster</emphasis>, the twentieth "
"<emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://debconf19.debconf.org/";
"\">Debconf19</ulink> took place in Curitiba, Brazil, from 14 to 28 July "
"2019, together with DebCamp and an Open Day."
msgstr ""
"Immédiatement après la publication de <emphasis>Buster</emphasis>, la "
"vingtième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf19.debconf.org/\">Debconf19</ulink>, a eu lieu à Curitiba, au Brésil, "
"du 14 au 28 juillet 2019, ainsi que le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> et une "
"journée portes ouvertes."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1896
msgid ""
"The twenty-first <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf20.debconf.org/\">Debconf20</ulink> was held online - due to COVID-19 "
"- from August 23rd to 29th, 2020."
msgstr ""
"La vingt-et-unième <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf20.debconf.org/\">Debconf20</ulink>, a eu lieu en ligne — à cause de "
"la COVID 19 — du 23 au 29 août 2020."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1903
msgid "The 11.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 11.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1905
msgid ""
"Debian 11.0 (<emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis>) was released August 14th, 2021."
msgstr ""
"Debian 11.0 (<emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis>) a été publiée le 14 août 2021."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1913
msgid "Apache 2.4.48"
msgstr "Apache 2.4.48"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1918
msgid "Bind 9.16"
msgstr "Bind 9.16"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1923
msgid "Calligra 3.2"
msgstr "Calligra 3.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1928
msgid "Emacs 27.1"
msgstr "Emacs 27.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1933
msgid "Firefox 78"
msgstr "Firefox 78"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1938
msgid "GNOME desktop environment 3.38"
msgstr "Environnement de bureau Gnome 3.38"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1943
msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 10.2"
msgstr "Collection de compilation GNU 10.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1948
msgid "GnuPG 2.2.27"
msgstr "GnuPG 2.2.27"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1953
msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 5.20"
msgstr "L'espace de travail Plasma de KDE et ses applications version 5.20"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1958
msgid "LibreOffice 7.0"
msgstr "LibreOffice 7.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1963
msgid "Linux 5.10"
msgstr "Linux 5.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1968
msgid "MariaDB 10.5"
msgstr "MariaDB 10.5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1978
msgid "OpenSSH 8.4p1"
msgstr "OpenSSH 8.4p1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1983
msgid "Perl 5.32"
msgstr "Perl 5.32"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1988
msgid "PHP 7.4"
msgstr "PHP 7.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1993
msgid "Postfix 3.5"
msgstr "Postfix 3.5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1998
msgid "PostgreSQL 13"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 13"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2003
msgid "Python 3.9.1"
msgstr "Python 3.9.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2008
msgid "Rustc 1.48"
msgstr "Rustc 1.48"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2013
msgid "Samba 4.13"
msgstr "Samba 4.13"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2018
msgid "the Xfce 4.16 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.16"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2024
msgid ""
"more than 59,500 other ready-to-use software packages, built from more than "
"25,000 source packages."
msgstr ""
"plus de 59 500 paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de près de "
"25 000 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2030
msgid ""
"For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the "
"<emphasis>What's new in Debian 11.0</emphasis> chapter of "
"<emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/";
"bullseye/releasenotes\">Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites "
"dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf "
"dans Debian 11.0</emphasis> des <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/";
"bullseye/releasenotes\">notes de publication</ulink> de <emphasis>Bullseye</"
"emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2037
msgid ""
"Right after the release of <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis>, the twenty-second "
"<emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://debconf21.debconf.org/";
"\">Debconf21</ulink> was held online - due to COVID-19 - from August 24 to "
"August 28, 2021.  It was preceded by an (online) DebCamp from August 15 to "
"August 23, 2021."
msgstr ""
"Juste après la publication de <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis>, la vingt-"
"deuxième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://";
"debconf21.debconf.org/\">Debconf21</ulink> s'est tenue en ligne à cause de "
"la COVID-19 du 24 au 28 août 2021. Elle a été précédée d'un "
"<emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> en ligne du 15 au 23 août."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2047
msgid ""
"<ulink url='https://debconf22.debconf.org/'>DebConf22</ulink>, the 23rd "
"annual Debian Conference, took place in Prizren, Kosovo from July 17th to "
"24th, 2022.  We've hosted 260 attendees from 38 different countries "
"participating in 91 event talks, discussion sessions, Birds of a Feather "
"(BoF) gatherings, workshops, and other activities."
msgstr ""
"La vingt-troisième conférence annuelle de Debian, <ulink url='https://";
"debconf22.debconf.org/'>DebConf22</ulink>, s'est tenue à Prizren, au Kosovo, "
"du 17 au 24 juillet 2022. Nous avons accueilli 260 participants venant de "
"38 pays qui ont participé à 91 événements, conférences, sessions de "
"discussion, réunions spécialisées (« Birds of a Feather », BOF), ateliers et "
"autres activités."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2057
msgid ""
"<ulink url='https://debconf23.debconf.org/'>DebConf23</ulink>, took place in "
"Kochi, India from September 10th to 17th, 2023.  Over 474 attendees "
"representing 35 countries from around the world came together for a combined "
"89 events made up of Talks, Discussions, Birds of a Feather (BoF) "
"gatherings, workshops, and other activities."
msgstr ""
"La vingt-quatrième conférence annuelle de Debian, <ulink url='https://";
"debconf23.debconf.org/'>DebConf23</ulink>, s'est tenue à Kochi, en Inde, du "
"10 au 17 septembre 2023. Plus de 474 personnes, venues de 35 pays du monde "
"entier, se sont rassemblées pour participer à un ensemble de 89 événements, "
"des conférences, des sessions de discussion, des réunions spécialisées "
"(BOF), des ateliers et autres activités."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2068
msgid "Some Important Events"
msgstr "Quelques événements importants"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2070
msgid "October 2000: Implementation of Package Pools"
msgstr "Octobre 2000 : implémentation des regroupements de paquets (pools)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2072
msgid ""
"James Troup <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0010/";
"msg00007.html\">reported</ulink> that he has been working on re-implementing "
"the archive maintenance tools and switching to package pools.  From this "
"date, files are stored in a directory named after the corresponding source "
"package inside of the <filename>pools</filename> directory.  The "
"distribution directories will only contain Packages files that contain "
"references to the pool.  This simplifies overlapping distributions such as "
"testing and unstable.  The archive is also database-driven using PostgreSQL "
"which also speeds up lookups."
msgstr ""
"James Troup a <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-";
"announce-0010/msg00007.html\">rapporté</ulink> qu'il avait travaillé sur une "
"nouvelle implémentation des outils de maintenance de l'archive et avait "
"basculé sur le regroupement de paquets (pools). À partir de cette date, les "
"fichiers furent enregistrés dans un répertoire nommé d'après le paquet "
"source correspondant à l'intérieur du répertoire de pools. Cela simplifie "
"grandement le chevauchement de distributions telles que testing et unstable. "
"L'archive est également structurée sous forme de bases de données ce qui "
"accélère fortement les recherches."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2083
msgid ""
"This concept of managing Debian's archives sort of like a package cache was "
"first introduced by Bdale Garbee in <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/";
"debian-devel/1998/05/msg01607.html\">this email</ulink> to the debian-devel "
"list in May of 1998."
msgstr ""
"Ce concept de gérer les archives de Debian à la manière d'un cache de paquet "
"a été introduit par Bdale Garbee dans ce <ulink url=\"https://";
"lists.debian.org/debian-devel/1998/05/msg01607.html\">message</ulink> à la "
"liste de diffusion debian-devel en mai 1998."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2090
msgid "November 2002: Fire burnt Debian server"
msgstr "Novembre 2002 : incendie d'un serveur Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2092
msgid ""
"Around 08:00 CET on November 20th, 2002, the University of Twente Network "
"Operations Center (NOC) caught fire.  The building burnt to the ground.  The "
"fire department gave up hope on protecting the server area.  Among other "
"things the NOC hosted satie.debian.org which contained both the security and "
"non-US archive as well as the new-maintainer (nm) and quality assurance "
"(qa)  databases.  Debian rebuilt these services on the host klecker, which "
"was recently moved from the U.S.A.  to the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
"Le 20 novembre 2002 aux environs de 8 heures CET, le centre des opérations "
"réseau (NOC) de l'Université de Twente a pris feu. L'immeuble a brûlé "
"entièrement. Les pompiers avaient abandonné tout espoir de pouvoir protéger "
"la zone des serveurs. Le NOC hébergeait satie.debian.org qui contenait les "
"archives de sécurité et non-US, de même que les bases de données des "
"nouveaux responsables (nm) et de l'assurance qualité (qa). Debian a "
"reconstruit ces services sur la machine klecker, qui avait récemment "
"déménagé des États-Unis vers les Pays-Bas."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2102
msgid "November 2003: Several Debian servers hacked"
msgstr "Novembre 2003 : piratage de plusieurs serveurs Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2104
msgid ""
"Starting 17:00 UTC on November 19th, 2003, four of the project's main Web "
"servers for bug tracking, mailing lists, security and Web searches <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2003/20031202\";>have been compromised</"
"ulink>. The services were taken down for inspection and fortunately it could "
"be confirmed, that the package archive was not affected by this compromise. "
"On November 25th, all services were recovered and back online."
msgstr ""
"Le 19 novembre 2003 à 17:00 UTC, quatre des principaux serveurs web du "
"projet pour le suivi de bogues, les listes de diffusion, la sécurité et les "
"recherches web furent <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/";
"2003/20031202\">compromis</ulink>. Les services furent interrompus pour "
"permettre une inspection et il fut heureusement confirmé que les archives "
"des paquets n'avaient pas été affectées par cette attaque. Le 25 novembre, "
"tous les services ont été remis en route."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2116
msgid "Remembering People We Have Lost"
msgstr "Mémorial de nos disparus"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2118
msgid "July 2000: Joel Klecker died"
msgstr "Juillet 2000 : décès de Joel Klecker"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2120
msgid ""
"On July 11th, 2000, Joel Klecker, who was also known as Espy, passed away at "
"21 years of age.  No one who saw 'Espy' in #mklinux, the Debian lists or "
"channels knew that behind this nickname was a young man suffering from a "
"form of <ulink url=\"https://www.mda.org/disease/duchenne-muscular-";
"dystrophy\">Duchenne muscular dystrophy</ulink>.  Most people only knew him "
"as 'the Debian glibc and powerpc guy' and had no idea of the hardships Joel "
"fought.  Though physically impaired, he shared his great mind with others."
msgstr ""
"Le 11 juillet 2000, Joel Klecker, alias Espy, nous a quitté à l'âge de "
"21 ans. Personne ne savait que celui qui se présentait sous le pseudonyme "
"d'Espy sur #mklinux était un jeune homme qui souffrait de <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.mda.org/disease/duchenne-muscular-dystrophy\";>dystrophie "
"musculaire de Duchenne</ulink>. La plupart le connaissaient seulement comme "
"le « gars de la glibc et de la powerpc dans Debian » et personne n'avait la "
"moindre idée sur les souffrances qu'il endurait. Bien que physiquement "
"diminué, il partagea son grand esprit avec les autres."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2129
msgid "Joel Klecker (also known as Espy) will be missed."
msgstr "Joel Klecker (alias Espy) sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2133
msgid "March 2001: Christopher Rutter died"
msgstr "Mars 2001 : décès de Christopher Rutter"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2135
msgid ""
"On March 1st, 2001, Christopher Matthew Rutter (also known as cmr) was "
"killed after he was struck by a car at the age of 19.  Christopher was a "
"young and well known member of the Debian project helping the ARM port.  The "
"buildd.debian.org site is dedicated to his memory."
msgstr ""
"Le 1er mars 2001, Christopher Matthew Rutter (alias « cmr ») a été tué à "
"l'âge de 19 ans, percuté par une voiture. Christopher était un jeune et "
"célèbre membre du projet Debian, aidant au portage ARM. Le site "
"buildd.debian.org est dédié à sa mémoire."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2141
msgid "Chris Rutter will be missed."
msgstr "Chris Rutter sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2145
msgid "March 2001: Fabrizio Polacco died"
msgstr "Mars 2001 : décès de Fabrizio Polacco"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2147
msgid ""
"On March 28th, 2001, Fabrizio Polacco passed away after a long illness.  The "
"Debian Project honors his good work and strong dedication to Debian and Free "
"Software.  The contributions of Fabrizio will not be forgotten, and other "
"developers will step forward to continue his work."
msgstr ""
"Le 28 mars 2001, Fabrizio Polacco a disparu des suites d'une longue maladie. "
"Le projet Debian honore son excellent travail ainsi que son fort dévouement "
"à Debian et au logiciel libre. Les contributions de Fabrizio ne seront pas "
"oubliées, les autres développeurs iront de l'avant pour continuer son "
"travail."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2153
msgid "Fabrizio Polacco will be missed."
msgstr "Fabrizio Polacco sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2157
msgid "July 2002: Martin Butterweck died"
msgstr "Juillet 2002 : décès de Martin Butterweck"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2159
msgid ""
"On July 21st, 2002, Martin Butterweck (also known as blendi) died after "
"battling leukemia.  Martin was a young member of the Debian project who "
"recently joined the project."
msgstr ""
"Le 21 juillet 2002, Martin Butterweck (alias « blendi ») a disparu après "
"avoir combattu la leucémie. Martin était un jeune membre du projet Debian, "
"qui avait rejoint récemment le projet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2164
msgid "Martin Butterweck will be missed."
msgstr "Martin Butterweck sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2168
msgid "May 2004: Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés García Solier died"
msgstr "Mai 2004 : décès de Manuel Estrada Sainz et Andrés García Solier"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2170
msgid ""
"On May 9th Manuel Estrada Sainz (ranty) and Andrés García Solier (ErConde)  "
"were killed in a tragic car accident while returning from the Free Software "
"conference held at Valencia, Spain."
msgstr ""
"Le 9 mai, Manuel Estrada Sainz (alias ranty) et Andrés García Solier (alias "
"ErConde) ont été tués dans un tragique accident de voiture en rentrant de la "
"conférence sur les logiciels libres tenue à Valence, en Espagne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2175
msgid "Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés García Solier will be missed."
msgstr "Manuel Estrada Sainz et Andrés García seront regrettés."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2179
msgid "July 2005: Jens Schmalzing died"
msgstr "Juillet 2005 : décès de Jens Schmalzing"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2181
msgid ""
"On July 30th Jens Schmalzing (jensen) died in a tragic accident at his "
"workplace in Munich, Germany.  He was involved in Debian as a maintainer of "
"several packages, as supporter of the PowerPC port, as a member of the "
"kernel team, and was instrumental in taking the PowerPC kernel package to "
"version 2.6.  He also maintained the Mac-on-Linux emulator and its kernel "
"modules, helped with the installer and with local Munich activities."
msgstr ""
"Le 30 juillet, Jens Schmalzing (alias jensen) a été tué dans un tragique "
"accident sur son lieu de travail à Munich en Allemagne. Il était impliqué "
"dans Debian comme responsable de plusieurs paquets, parrain du portage de "
"PowerPC, membre de l'équipe du noyau, et a aidé à migrer le paquet du noyau "
"pour PowerPC vers la version 2.6. Il entretenait également l'émulateur « Mac-"
"on-Linux » et ses modules du noyau, et a aidé à la mise au point de "
"l'installateur ainsi qu'aux activités locales à Munich."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2189
msgid "Jens Schmalzing will be missed."
msgstr "Jens Schmalzing sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2193
msgid "December 2008: Thiemo Seufer died"
msgstr "Décembre 2008 : décès de Thiemo Seufer"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2195
msgid ""
"On December 26th Thiemo Seufer (ths) died in a car accident.  He was the "
"lead maintainer of the MIPS and MIPSEL port and he had also contributed at "
"length in the debian-installer long before <ulink url=\"https://";
"lists.debian.org/debian-newmaint/2004/06/msg00021.html\">he became a Debian "
"developer</ulink> in 2004.  As a member of the QEMU team he wrote most of "
"the MIPS emulation layer."
msgstr ""
"Thiemo Seufer (alias ths) est décédé le 26 décembre dans un accident de "
"voiture. Il dirigeait l'entretien des portages de MIPS et MIPSEL et il avait "
"aussi participé en profondeur au développement de l'installateur Debian bien "
"avant de <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-newmaint/2004/06/";
"msg00021.html\">devenir un développeur Debian</ulink> en 2004. Membre de "
"l'équipe QEMU, il a écrit l'essentiel de la couche d'émulation de MIPS."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2203
msgid "Thiemo Seufer will be missed."
msgstr "Thiemo Seufer sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2207
msgid "July 2009: Steve Greenland died"
msgstr "Juillet 2009 : décès de Steve Greenland"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2209
msgid ""
"On July 18th Steve Greenland (stevegr) died of cancer. He was the maintainer "
"of many core packages (such as cron) since he joined Debian in 1999."
msgstr ""
"Le 18 juillet Steve Greenland (alias stevegr) est décédé d'un cancer. Il "
"était le responsable de nombreux paquets essentiels (tels que cron) depuis "
"qu'il avait rejoint Debian en 1999."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2213
msgid "Steve Greenland will be missed."
msgstr "Steve Greenland sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2217
msgid "August 2010: Frans Pop died"
msgstr "Août 2010 : décès de Frans Pop"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2219
msgid ""
"Frans Pop (fjp) died on August 20th.  Frans was involved in Debian as a "
"maintainer of several packages, a supporter of the S/390 port, and one of "
"the most involved members of the Debian Installer team.  He was a Debian "
"listmaster, editor and release manager of the Installation Guide and the "
"release notes, as well as a Dutch translator."
msgstr ""
"Frans Pop (alias fjp) est décédé en août 2010. Frans était impliqué dans "
"Debian comme le responsable de plusieurs paquets, comme un parrain du "
"portage S/390 et était un des membres les plus impliqués de l'équipe de "
"l'installateur Debian. Il était un listmaster de Debian, le rédacteur et le "
"gestionnaire de publications du « Guide d'installation » et des notes de "
"publications, et également un traducteur en néerlandais."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2226
msgid "Frans Pop will be missed."
msgstr "Frans Pop sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2230
msgid "April 2011: Adrian von Bidder died"
msgstr "Avril 2011 : décès de Adrian von Bidder"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2232
msgid ""
"Adrian von Bidder (cmot) died on April 17th.  Adrian was one of the founding "
"members and secretary of debian.ch, he sparked many ideas that made Debian "
"Switzerland be what it is today.  Adrian also actively maintained software "
"in the Debian package archive, and represented the project at numerous "
"events."
msgstr ""
"Adrian von Bidder (alias cmot) est décédé le 17 avril. Adrian faisait partie "
"des membres fondateurs et était le secrétaire de debian.ch ; il suscita de "
"nombreuses idées qui permirent à Debian Suisse d'être ce qu'elle est "
"aujourd'hui. Adrian a aussi activement entretenu des paquets dans l'archive "
"de Debian et a représenté le projet dans de nombreux événements."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2238
msgid "Adrian von Bidder will be missed."
msgstr "Adrian von Bidder sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2242
msgid "May 2013: Ray Dassen died"
msgstr "Mai 2013 : décès de Ray Dassen"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2244
msgid ""
"Ray Dassen (jdassen) died on May 18th.  Ray was a Debian Developer for "
"incredible 19 years.  He joined the project in 1994, and continued to be an "
"active contributor until his passing.  Ray was one of the founding members "
"of the Debian GNOME team, his friendliness and willingness to help fostered "
"a spirit of collaboration within the GNOME team.  He continued his "
"involvement within Debian as the maintainer of several packages, most "
"notably the Gnumeric spreadsheet."
msgstr ""
"Ray Dassen (alias jdassen) est décédé le 18 mai. Il était développeur Debian "
"depuis plus de 19 années. Il a rejoint le projet en 1994 et a continué "
"d'être un contributeur actif jusqu'à son décès. Ray était un des membres "
"fondateurs de l'équipe Debian GNOME ; sa gentillesse et sa volonté ont "
"participé à créer un état d'esprit de collaboration avec l'équipe GNOME. Il "
"continua son engagement en étant le responsable de plusieurs paquets dont le "
"plus notable était le tableur Gnumeric."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2253
msgid "Ray Dassen will be missed."
msgstr "Ray Dassen sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2257
msgid "June 2013: Paul Cupis died"
msgstr "Juin 2013 : décès de Paul Cupis"

#
#
#. https://web.archive.org/web/20131027142311/http://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/supporter-groups/Paul-Cupis-Fund
#. https://web.archive.org/web/20090408215050/http://www.cupis.co.uk/cupis/paul/index.html
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2259
msgid ""
"Paul Cupis died on 17th June 2013, he was 32 years old.  He joined Debian in "
"2003.  Paul (cupis@debian.org) was active in maintaining the doctorj "
"(analyzing Javadoc comments) and other packages in Debian."
msgstr ""
"Paul Cupis est décédé le 17 juin 2013 à l'âge de 32 ans. Il avait rejoint "
"Debian en 2003. Paul (cupis@debian.org) a entretenu de façon active doctorj "
"(analyseur de commentaires Javadoc) et d'autres paquets de Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2270
msgid "Paul Cupis will be missed."
msgstr "Paul Cupis sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2274
msgid "July 2014: Peter Miller died"
msgstr "Juillet 2014 : décès de Peter Miller"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2276
msgid ""
"Peter Miller died on July 27th.  Peter was a relative newcomer to the Debian "
"project, but his contributions to Free and Open Source Software go back to "
"the late 1980s.  Peter was significant contributor to GNU gettext as well as "
"being the main upstream author and maintainer of other projects that ship as "
"part of Debian, including, but not limited to srecord, aegis and cook.  "
"Peter was also the author of the paper <emphasis>Recursive Make Considered "
"Harmful</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"Peter Miller est décédé le 27 juillet. Peter était relativement nouveau dans "
"le projet Debian, mais ses contributions aux Logiciels Libres remontent à la "
"fin des années 1980. Il était un contributeur important à GNU gettext ainsi "
"que l'auteur et responsable principal d'autres projets faisant partie "
"intégrale de Debian, incluant, sans s'y limiter, srecord, aegis et cook. "
"Peter était aussi l'auteur du papier <emphasis>Recursive Make Considered "
"Harmful</emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2284
msgid "Peter Miller will be missed."
msgstr "Peter Miller sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2288
msgid "February 2015: Clytie Siddall died"
msgstr "Février 2015 : décès de Clytie Siddall"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2290
msgid ""
"Clytie Siddall died in February 2015.  Clytie was a contributor of "
"Vietnamese translations to Debian and other projects for many years.  Within "
"Debian she worked on translations for the installer, dpkg, apt and various "
"documentation.  She also contributed translations within the GNOME community "
"and many other projects.  Clytie was also a GNOME foundation member between "
"2005 and 2007."
msgstr ""
"Clytie Siddall est décédée en février 2015. Clytie contribuait depuis "
"longtemps à la traduction vietnamienne de Debian ainsi qu'à de nombreux "
"autres projets. Au sein de Debian, elle a travaillé sur la traduction de "
"l'installateur, dpkg, apt et divers autres documentations. Elle a aussi "
"contribué à la traduction au sein de la communauté GNOME et de bien d'autres "
"projets. Clytie fut également membre de la fondation GNOME entre 2005 et "
"2007."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2297
msgid "Clytie Siddall will be missed."
msgstr "Clytie Siddall sera regrettée."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2301
msgid "December 2015: Ian Murdock died"
msgstr "Décembre 2015 : décès de Ian Murdock"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2303
msgid ""
"Ian Murdock, the founder of the Debian Project and its community, died in "
"December 2015.  Ian was introduced to computers early in his life, he "
"started actively programming at nine years of age.  With the idea and the "
"opportunity to make something better, he started the Debian Project in "
"August of 1993.  At that time, the whole concept of a \"distribution\" of "
"Linux was new.  Inspired as he said by Linus Torvalds' own sharing of Linux, "
"he released Debian with the intention that this distribution should be made "
"openly, in the spirit of Linux and GNU.  Ian's dream lives on: Debian is "
"made up of a strong community that has fostered development, growth, and "
"wonder.  It remains incredibly active with thousands of developers working "
"untold hours to bring the world a reliable and secure operating system.  "
"Debian has sparked the interest, curiosity, and passion of those who want to "
"make something better.  Then, now, and far into the future."
msgstr ""
"Ian Murdock, le fondateur du projet Debian et de sa communauté, est décédé "
"en décembre 2015. Ian a très vite été en contact avec des ordinateurs et a "
"d'ailleurs commencé à programmer dès l'âge de neuf ans. Dans l'idée et "
"l'opportunité de faire quelque chose de mieux, il a débuté le projet Debian "
"en août 1993. À cette époque, le concept même de « distribution » de Linux "
"était nouveau. Inspiré selon ses mots par le partage de Linux par Linus "
"Torvalds, il publia Debian avec l'intention que cette distribution soit "
"construite de manière ouverte, dans l'esprit de Linux et GNU. Le rêve de Ian "
"se poursuit : Debian est composée d'une forte communauté qui a favorisé le "
"développement, la croissance et l'admiration. Elle reste incroyablement "
"active avec des milliers de développeurs travaillant d'innombrables heures "
"pour amener au monde un système d'exploitation fiable et sécurisé. Debian a "
"suscité intérêt, curiosité et passion chez celles et ceux qui veulent faire "
"quelque chose de mieux."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2318
msgid ""
"The Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> release was dedicated in his "
"memory."
msgstr "Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> lui a été dédiée."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2321
msgid "Ian Murdock will be missed."
msgstr "Ian Murdock sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2325
msgid "September 2016: Kristoffer H. Rose died"
msgstr "Septembre 2016 : décès de Kristoffer H. Rose"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2327
msgid ""
"Kristoffer H. Rose died on September 17th 2016 after a long battle with "
"myelofibrosis.  Kristoffer was a Debian contributor from the very early days "
"of the project, and the upstream author of several packages, such as the "
"LaTeX package Xy-pic and FlexML.  On his return to the project after several "
"years' absence, many of us had the pleasure of meeting Kristoffer during "
"DebConf15 in Heidelberg."
msgstr ""
"Kristoffer H. Rose est décédé le 17 septembre 2016 après une longue bataille "
"contre la myélofibrose. Kristoffer était un contributeur Debian dès les "
"premiers jours du projet et l'auteur de plusieurs paquets dont les paquets "
"LaTeX, Xy-pic et FlexML. De retour au projet après plusieurs années "
"d'absence, nous avons été nombreux à avoir eu le plaisir de rencontrer "
"Kristoffer à la conférence DebConf15 à Heidelberg."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2335
msgid "Kristoffer H. Rose will be missed."
msgstr "Kristoffer H. Rose sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2339
msgid "September 2018: Innocent de Marchi died"
msgstr "Septembre 2018 : décès d'Innocent de Marchi"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2342
msgid ""
"Innocent was a math teacher and a free software developer. One of his "
"passions was tangram puzzles, which led him to write a tangram-like game "
"that he later packaged and maintained in Debian. Soon his contributions "
"expanded to other areas, and he also worked as a tireless translator into "
"Catalan.  Innocent de Marchi will be missed."
msgstr ""
"Innocent était professeur de mathématiques et développeur de logiciel libre. "
"Une de ses passions était le tangram, ce qui l'a amené à écrire un jeu de "
"type tangram qu'il a ensuite empaqueté et entretenu dans Debian. Rapidement, "
"ses contributions se sont étendues à d'autres domaines et il a été également "
"un traducteur infatigable en catalan. Innocent de Marchi sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2351
msgid "March 2019: Lucy Wayland died"
msgstr "Mars 2019 : décès de Lucy Wayland"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2354
msgid ""
"Lucy was a contributor within the Cambridge (UK) Debian community, helping "
"to organise the Cambridge Mini-DebConf since several years.  She was a "
"strong fighter for diversity and inclusion, and participated in the creation "
"of the Debian Diversity Team, working on increasing the visibility of under-"
"represented groups and providing support with respect to diversity issues "
"within the community.  Lucy Wayland will be missed."
msgstr ""
"Lucy contribuait au projet au sein de la communauté Debian de Cambridge "
"(Royaume-Uni), participant depuis plusieurs années à l'organisation des Mini-"
"DebConf de Cambridge. Elle était une fervente défenseure de la diversité et "
"de l'inclusion, et a participé à la création de l'équipe de Debian en charge "
"de la diversité, œuvrant à accroître la visibilité des groupes sous-"
"représentés et apportant son soutien pour résoudre, au sein de la "
"communauté, les problèmes en rapport avec la diversité. Lucy Wayland sera "
"regrettée."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2363
msgid "June 2020: Robert Lemmen died"
msgstr "Juin 2020 : décès de Robert Lemmen"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2366
msgid ""
"In June 2020, Robert Lemmen passed away after a serious illness. Robert had "
"been regularly attending the Debian Munich meetups since the early 00s and "
"helped with local booths. He had been a Debian Developer since 2007. Among "
"other contributions, he packaged modules for Raku (Perl6 at that time) and "
"helped other contributors to get involved in the Raku Team. He also put "
"effort into tracking down circular dependencies in Debian.  Robert Lemmen "
"will be missed."
msgstr ""
"En Juin 2020, Robert Lemmen est décédé des suites d'une grave maladie. "
"Robert assistait régulièrement aux rencontres Debian de Munich depuis le "
"début des années 2000 et contribuait aux stands locaux. Il a été développeur "
"Debian à partir de 2007. Entre autres contributions, il empaquetait des "
"modules pour Raku (anciennement Perl 6) et aidait d'autres contributeurs à "
"s'impliquer dans l'équipe de Raku. Il s'employait aussi à traquer les "
"dépendances circulaires dans Debian. Robert Lemmen sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2377
msgid "June 2020: Karl Ramm died"
msgstr "Juin 2020 : décès de Karl Ramm"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2380
msgid ""
"Karl Ramm passed away in June 2020, after complications due to metastatic "
"colon cancer. He had been a Debian Developer since 2001 and packaged several "
"components of MIT's Project Athena. He was passionate about technology and "
"Debian, and always interested in helping others to find and promote their "
"passions.  Karl Ramm will be missed."
msgstr ""
"Karl Ramm a succombé en juin 2020 à des complications dues à un cancer du "
"côlon. Développeur Debian depuis 2001, il empaquetait plusieurs composantes "
"du Projet Athena du MIT. Il était passionné par la technologie et Debian, et "
"était toujours intéressé à aider les autres à découvrir et à promouvoir "
"leurs passions. Karl Ramm sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2389
msgid "January 2021: Adam Conrad died"
msgstr "Janvier 2021 : décès de Adam Conrad"

#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#.  2021 Adam Conrad (infinity) (formerly adconrad@d.o)
#. passed away 26 jan 2021
#. worked on the m68k port and on armhf porting
#. novel lymphoma tumor
#. https://mhfh.com/tribute/details/32474/Adam-CONRAD/obituary.html
#. September 16, 1977 – Calgary, Alberta
#. January 26, 2021 – Calgary, Alberta
#. Adam Conrad (a.k.a. Infinity, a.k.a. Tsenjin the Immortal) of Calgary, Alberta,
#. Canada passed away after a long battle with cancer on Tuesday, January 26, 2021
#. at the age of 43 years.
#. For Adam, computers were an all-consuming hobby that became his vocation and
#. profession in the most serious senses of the words. He embraced the open-source
#. software movement and became an important contributor to Debian (a free
#. operating system) and an advocate of the free software movement. This
#. eventually led to a successful career with Canonical Ltd. working on the Ubuntu
#. operating system that powers a significant portion of the internet. This career
#. took him all over the world, to developer conferences and Canonical meetings,
#. where he got to meet some of the wonderful people he knew mostly online. At
#. Canonical, among other accomplishments, Adam was instrumental in creating and
#. running the machinery that reliably churns out new Ubuntu releases year after
#. year. According to a former Canonical CEO, the work Adam performed there “has
#. had a huge impact on millions of people.”
#. FIXME TODO
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2392
msgid ""
"Adam \"infinity\" Conrad (formerly adconrad@d.o) passed away 26 January 2021 "
"at the age of 43 years.  Adam Conrad will be missed."
msgstr ""
"Adam « infinity » Conrad (auparavant adconrad@d.o) est décédé le 26\\ "
"janvier 2021, à l'âge de 43 ans. Adam Conrad sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2432
msgid "April 2021: Rogério Theodoro de Brito died"
msgstr "Avril 2021 : décès de Rogério Theodoro de Brito"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2437
msgid ""
"In April 2021, we lost Rogério Theodoro de Brito due to the COVID-19 "
"pandemic.  Rogério enjoyed coding small tools and had been a Debian "
"contributor for more than 15 years. Among other projects, he contributed "
"toward the use of Kurobox/Linkstation devices in Debian and maintained the "
"youtube-dl tool. He also participated and was \"Debian contact\" in several "
"upstream projects.  Rogério Theodoro de Brito will be missed."
msgstr ""
"En avril 2021, nous avons perdu Rogério Theodoro de Brito à cause de la "
"pandémie de la COVID-19. Rogério aimait programmer de petits outils et a été "
"contributeur Debian pendant plus de quinze ans. Entre autres projets, il a "
"contribué à l'utilisation des périphériques Kurobox et Linkstation dans "
"Debian et entretenait l'outil youtube-dl. Il a aussi participé à plusieurs "
"projets amont où il était le « contact Debian ». Rogério Theodoro de Brito "
"sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2447
msgid "September 2023: Abraham Raji died"
msgstr "Septembre 2023 : décès d'Abraham Raji"

#.  section taken from https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230914 
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2450
msgid ""
"On 13th September 2023 Abraham Raji was involved in a fatal accident during "
"a kayaking trip."
msgstr ""
"Le 13 septembre 2023, Abraham Raji a été victime d'un accident mortel lors "
"d'une excursion en kayak."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2454
msgid ""
"Abraham was a popular and respected Debian Developer as well a prominent "
"free software champion in his home state of Kerala, India. He was a talented "
"graphic designer and led design and branding work for DebConf23 and several "
"other local events in recent years. Abraham gave his time selflessly when "
"mentoring new contributors to the Debian project, and he was instrumental in "
"creating and maintaining the Debian India website."
msgstr ""
"Abraham était un développeur Debian apprécié et respecté ainsi qu'un "
"défenseur reconnu du logiciel libre dans son état d'origine le Kérala, en "
"Inde. Il était un graphiste talentueux qui a mené un travail de conception "
"graphique et d'image de marque pour la DebConf23 et plusieurs autres "
"événements ces dernières années. Abraham donnait son temps sans compter "
"lorsqu'il parrainait de nouveaux contributeurs du projet Debian, et on lui "
"doit beaucoup pour la création et l'entretien du site web « Debian India »."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2462
msgid ""
"The Debian Project honors his good work and strong dedication to Debian and "
"Free Software. Abraham’s contributions will not be forgotten, and the high "
"standards of his work will continue to serve as an inspiration to others."
msgstr ""
"Le projet Debian honore son excellent travail ainsi que son fort dévouement "
"à Debian et au logiciel libre. Les contributions d'Abraham ne seront pas "
"oubliées et la grande qualité de son travail restera toujours une source "
"d'inspiration pour beaucoup. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2468
msgid "December 2023: Gunnar Hjalmarsson died"
msgstr "Décembre 2023 : décès de Gunnar Hjalmarsson"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2470
msgid ""
"Debian Developer <ulink url='https://wiki.ubuntu.com/GunnarHj'>Gunnar "
"Hjalmarsson</ulink> passed away in 2023. Gunnar was a consistent and valued "
"contributor to Ubuntu since 2010 particularly on internationalization "
"efforts and became similarly involved in Debian.  He was an active "
"maintainer in the Debian GNOME and Input Method teams."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url='https://wiki.ubuntu.com/GunnarHj'>Gunnar Hjalmarsson</ulink>, "
"développeur Debian est décédé en 2023. Gunnar était un contributeur régulier "
"et apprécié d'Ubuntu depuis 2010 en particulier dans les efforts "
"d'internationalisation et était impliqué dans Debian de la même manière. "
"C'était un responsable de paquet actif dans les équipes Gnome et Méthodes de "
"saisie de Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2477
msgid "Gunnar Hjalmarsson (1958-10-06 - 2023-12-20, Sweden) will be missed."
msgstr ""
"Gunnar Hjalmarsson (6 octobre 1958 — 20 décembre 2023, Suède) sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2481
msgid "July 2024: Peter De Schrijver died"
msgstr "Juillet 2024 : décès de Peter De Schrijver"

#.  section taken from
#. https://lists.debian.org/msgid-search/751f3ad6-33dc-4aca-9c34-9c08ee65e0a2@debian.org
#. with info from
#. https://www.ingedachten.be/overlijdensberichten/overlijden-detail/12-07-2024/peter-de-schrijver
#. , https://nm.debian.org/person/p2/ ,
#. https://codesearch.debian.net/search?q=Peter%5C+De%5C+Schrijver&literal=0 
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2491
msgid ""
"Debian Developer (since 2004) and Linux kernel hacker Peter \"p2\" De "
"Schrijver passed away in July 2024.  Many of us knew Peter as a very helpful "
"and dedicated person and we valued his contributions to our project and the "
"Linux community.  Peter was a regular and familiar face in many conferences "
"and meets across the world.  Peter was highly regarded for his technical "
"expertise in problem solving and for his willingness to share that "
"knowledge. When asked \"what are you working on?\", Peter would often take "
"the time to explain something you thought was extremely complicated "
"understandably, or show you in- person his high technical proficiency in "
"action on such tasks as translating a disassembled binary into C source code."
msgstr ""
"Développeur Debian depuis 2004 et « hacker  du noyau Linux, Peter \"p2\" De "
"Schrijver est décédé en juillet 2024. Beaucoup d'entre nous reconnaissaient "
"en Peter une personne serviable et dévouée, et nous appréciions ses "
"contributions à notre projet et à la communauté Linux. Peter était un visage "
"habituel et familier de nombreuses conférences et rencontres à travers le "
"monde. Peter était très apprécié pour son expertise technique dans la "
"résolution de problèmes et pour sa volonté de partager ce savoir. Quand on "
"lui demandait « sur quoi travaillez-vous ? », Peter prenait souvent le temps "
"d'expliquer de manière intelligible des choses que l'on trouvait extrêmement "
"compliquées, ou vous montrait lui-même ses compétences techniques de haut "
"niveau en réalisant des tâches comme traduire un binaire désassemblé en code "
"source C."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2503
msgid ""
"Peter's work, ideals, and memory leave a remarkable legacy and a loss that "
"is felt around the world not only in the many communities he interacted with "
"but in those he inspired and touched as well."
msgstr ""
"Le travail de Peter, ses idéaux et son souvenir laissent un héritage "
"remarquable et une perte ressentie dans le monde entier, non seulement dans "
"les communautés avec lesquelles il interagissait mais aussi dans celles "
"qu'il a inspirées et touchées."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2508
msgid ""
"Peter De Schrijver (1970-09-17, Antwerp - 2024-07-12, Finland) will be "
"missed."
msgstr ""
"Peter De Schrijver (17 septembre 1970, Anvers – 17 juillet 2024, Finlande) "
"sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2512
msgid "November 2024: Jérémy Bobbio died"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2514
msgid ""
"Jérémy \"lunar\" Bobbio, 41 years old, died on November 8, 2024. Lunar was "
"very active as a Debian Developer, worked on the Tor project, and was one of "
"the founders of the Reproducible Builds movement.  They are remembered as a "
"creative, thoughtful, smart activist; who made a huge impact on very "
"thriving Free Software projects.  Jérémy Bobbio will be missed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2523
msgid "January 2025: Steve Langasek died"
msgstr "Janvier 2025 : décès de Steve Langasek"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2526
msgid ""
"Steve Langasek, 45, of Portland, Oregon, passed away on January 1, 2025, at "
"Oregon Health and Science University Hospital.  Steve was one of the Release "
"Managers during the Debian 3.1 \"sarge\" release, in 2005 as well as during "
"the 4.0 \"etch\" release in 2007.  Steve Langasek (1979-04-27 - 2025-01-01, "
"Portland) will be missed."
msgstr ""
"Steve Langasek, de Portland, Oregon, est décédé à l'âge de 45 ans le "
"1er janvier 2025 à l'Oregon Health and Science University Hospital. Steve "
"fut un des responsable de la publication (« Release Managers ») pour "
"Debian 3.1 « Sarge  » en 2005 et celle de Debian 4.0 « Etch » en 2007. Steve "
"Langasek (27 avril 1979 - 1er janvier 2025, Portland) sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2558
msgid "What's Next?"
msgstr "Et après ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2560
msgid ""
"The Debian Project continues to work on the <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> "
"distribution (codenamed <emphasis>sid</emphasis>, after the evil and "
"\"unstable\" kid next door from the <emphasis>Toy Story 1</emphasis> who "
"should never be let out into the world).  Sid is the permanent name for the "
"unstable distribution and is always 'Still In Development'.  Most new or "
"updated packages are uploaded into this distribution."
msgstr ""
"Le projet Debian continue son travail sur la distribution "
"<emphasis>unstable</emphasis> (nom de code <emphasis>Sid</emphasis>, d'après "
"le démoniaque et instable gamin du film « Toy Story 1 », qui ne devrait "
"jamais être lâché dans le monde réel). Sid est le nom permanent donné à la "
"distribution instable qui est « Still in Development » (toujours en "
"développement). La plupart des nouveaux paquets ou des paquets mis à jour "
"sont placés dans cette distribution."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2568
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>testing</emphasis> release is intended to become the next "
"stable release and is currently (as of July 2024) codenamed "
"<emphasis>Trixie</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"Il est prévu, à la date de publication de ce document, que la version de "
"test (<emphasis>testing</emphasis>) devienne la prochaine distribution "
"stable, sous le nom de code <emphasis>Trixie</emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2573
msgid "The Debian Manifesto"
msgstr "Le Manifeste de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2575
msgid "Written by Ian A.  Murdock, Revised 01/06/94"
msgstr ""
"Écrit par Ian A. Murdock, révisé le premier juin 1994, traduction française "
"par Christophe Le Bars"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2577
msgid "What is Debian Linux?"
msgstr "Qu'est-ce que Debian Linux ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2579
msgid ""
"Debian Linux is a brand-new kind of Linux distribution.  Rather than being "
"developed by one isolated individual or group, as other distributions of "
"Linux have been developed in the past, Debian is being developed openly in "
"the spirit of Linux and GNU.  The primary purpose of the Debian project is "
"to finally create a distribution that lives up to the Linux name.  Debian is "
"being carefully and conscientiously put together and will be maintained and "
"supported with similar care."
msgstr ""
"Debian Linux est une toute nouvelle sorte de distribution Linux. Au lieu "
"d'être développée par une personne isolée ou un groupe, comme les autres "
"distributions de Linux ont pu l'être dans le passé, Debian est développée de "
"manière ouverte dans l'esprit de Linux et de GNU. Le premier objectif du "
"projet Debian est de créer enfin une distribution qui vivrait selon la "
"nature du nom Linux. Debian est soigneusement et consciencieusement "
"construite et sera entretenue et gérée avec la même attention."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2588
msgid ""
"It is also an attempt to create a non-commercial distribution that will be "
"able to effectively compete in the commercial market.  It will eventually be "
"distributed by The Free Software Foundation on CD-ROM, and The Debian Linux "
"Association will offer the distribution on floppy disk and tape along with "
"printed manuals, technical support and other end-user essentials.  All of "
"the above will be available at little more than cost, and the excess will be "
"put toward further development of free software for all users.  Such "
"distribution is essential to the success of the Linux operating system in "
"the commercial market, and it must be done by organizations in a position to "
"successfully advance and advocate free software without the pressure of "
"profits or returns."
msgstr ""
"C'est aussi une tentative pour créer une distribution non commerciale qui "
"sera capable de véritablement rivaliser sur le marché commercial. Elle sera "
"éventuellement distribuée par la « Free Software Foundation » sur CD et "
"« l'association Debian Linux » fournira la distribution sur disquette ou sur "
"bande accompagnée de manuels imprimés, le support technique et les autres "
"besoins de l'utilisateur final. Tout cela sera disponible pour un peu plus "
"que le prix de revient, et le bénéfice sera utilisé pour d'autres "
"développements de logiciels libres pour tous les utilisateurs. Une telle "
"distribution est essentielle pour le succès du système d'exploitation Linux "
"sur le marché commercial et elle doit être faite par des organisations ayant "
"la possibilité de faire progresser avec succès et de défendre l'informatique "
"libre sans la pression du profit ou de la rentabilité."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2601
msgid "Why is Debian being constructed?"
msgstr "Pourquoi Debian a-t-elle été conçue ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2603
msgid ""
"Distributions are essential to the future of Linux.  Essentially, they "
"eliminate the need for the user to locate, download, compile, install and "
"integrate a fairly large number of essential tools to assemble a working "
"Linux system.  Instead, the burden of system construction is placed on the "
"distribution creator, whose work can be shared with thousands of other "
"users.  Almost all users of Linux will get their first taste of it through a "
"distribution, and most users will continue to use a distribution for the "
"sake of convenience even after they are familiar with the operating system.  "
"Thus, distributions play a very important role indeed."
msgstr ""
"Les distributions sont essentielles pour le futur de Linux. En premier lieu, "
"elles éliminent le besoin pour l'utilisateur de repérer, télécharger, "
"compiler, installer et d'intégrer un grand nombre d'outils essentiels "
"permettant de construire un système Linux fonctionnel. Au lieu de cela, la "
"charge de l'assemblage du système est supportée par le créateur de la "
"distribution, dont le travail peut être partagé par des milliers d'autres "
"utilisateurs. La plupart des utilisateurs goûteront en premier lieu à Linux "
"au travers d'une distribution et la plupart des utilisateurs continueront à "
"utiliser une distribution pour profiter de ses avantages même lorsqu'ils "
"seront familiers avec le système d'exploitation. Par conséquent, les "
"distributions jouent un rôle très important."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2614
msgid ""
"Despite their obvious importance, distributions have attracted little "
"attention from developers.  There is a simple reason for this: they are "
"neither easy nor glamorous to construct and require a great deal of ongoing "
"effort from the creator to keep the distribution bug-free and up-to-date.  "
"It is one thing to put together a system from scratch; it is quite another "
"to ensure that the system is easy for others to install, is installable and "
"usable under a wide variety of hardware configurations, contains software "
"that others will find useful, and is updated when the components themselves "
"are improved."
msgstr ""
"En dépit de leur importance évidente, les distributions ont peu attiré "
"l'attention des développeurs. Il y a une simple raison à cela : elles ne "
"sont ni faciles ni enthousiasmantes à construire et requièrent beaucoup "
"d'effort continu de la part du créateur pour garder la distribution sans "
"erreur et à jour. C'est une chose d'assembler un système à partir de rien ; "
"cela en est une autre de s'assurer que le système est facile à installer "
"pour d'autres, qu'il est installable et utilisable avec une large variété de "
"configurations matérielles, qu'il contient des logiciels que d'autres "
"trouveront utiles et qu'il est mis à jour lorsque les composants eux-mêmes "
"sont améliorés."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2624
msgid ""
"Many distributions have started out as fairly good systems, but as time "
"passes attention to maintaining the distribution becomes a secondary "
"concern.  A case-in-point is the Softlanding Linux System (better known as "
"SLS).  It is quite possibly the most bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux "
"distribution available; unfortunately, it is also quite possibly the most "
"popular.  It is, without question, the distribution that attracts the most "
"attention from the many commercial \"distributors\" of Linux that have "
"surfaced to capitalize on the growing popularity of the operating system."
msgstr ""
"Beaucoup de distributions ont commencé comme des systèmes réellement bons, "
"mais le temps passant, l'attention pour entretenir la distribution est "
"devenue une préoccupation secondaire. La « Softlanding Linux System » (mieux "
"connue comme SLS) est un cas exemplaire. C'est certainement la distribution "
"Linux disponible contenant le plus de bogues et la plus mal entretenue ; "
"malheureusement, c'est certainement aussi la plus populaire. C'est, sans "
"discussion, la distribution qui attire le plus l'attention des nombreux "
"« distributeurs » commerciaux de Linux qui sont apparus pour capitaliser la "
"popularité croissante du système d'exploitation."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2634
msgid ""
"This is a bad combination indeed, as most people who obtain Linux from these "
"\"distributors\" receive a bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux "
"distribution.  As if this wasn't bad enough, these \"distributors\" have a "
"disturbing tendency to misleadingly advertise non-functional or extremely "
"unstable \"features\" of their product.  Combine this with the fact that the "
"buyers will, of course, expect the product to live up to its advertisement "
"and the fact that many may believe it to be a commercial operating system "
"(there is also a tendency not to mention that Linux is free nor that it is "
"distributed under the GNU General Public License).  To top it all off, these "
"\"distributors\" are actually making enough money from their effort to "
"justify buying larger advertisements in more magazines; it is the classic "
"example of unacceptable behavior being rewarded by those who simply do not "
"know any better.  Clearly something needs to be done to remedy the situation."
msgstr ""
"C'est une mauvaise combinaison en fait, puisque la plupart des gens qui "
"obtiennent Linux de ces « distributeurs » reçoivent une distribution Linux "
"pleine de bogues et mal entretenue. Comme si cela ne suffisait pas, ces "
"« distributeurs » ont une fâcheuse tendance à vanter de manière trompeuse "
"des caractéristiques non fonctionnelles ou extrêmement instables de leurs "
"produits. Ajoutez cela au fait que l'acheteur attendra, bien sûr, que le "
"produit corresponde à sa publicité et au fait que beaucoup pourront voir "
"Linux comme un système commercial (ils ont aussi une tendance à ne pas "
"mentionner que Linux est libre, ni qu'il est distribué sous la licence GNU). "
"Enfin, ces distributeurs font aujourd'hui suffisamment d'argent avec leurs "
"efforts pour justifier l'achat de pages de publicité plus importantes dans "
"plus de journaux ; c'est un exemple classique d'un comportement inacceptable "
"récompensé par ceux qui ne connaissent rien de mieux. Clairement, quelque "
"chose doit être fait pour remédier à cette situation."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2650
msgid "How will Debian attempt to put an end to these problems?"
msgstr "Comment Debian tente-t-elle de mettre fin à ces problèmes ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2652
msgid ""
"The Debian design process is open to ensure that the system is of the "
"highest quality and that it reflects the needs of the user community.  By "
"involving others with a wide range of abilities and backgrounds, Debian is "
"able to be developed in a modular fashion.  Its components are of high "
"quality because those with expertise in a certain area are given the "
"opportunity to construct or maintain the individual components of Debian "
"involving that area.  Involving others also ensures that valuable "
"suggestions for improvement can be incorporated into the distribution during "
"its development; thus, a distribution is created based on the needs and "
"wants of the users rather than the needs and wants of the constructor.  It "
"is very difficult for one individual or small group to anticipate these "
"needs and wants in advance without direct input from others."
msgstr ""
"Le processus d'élaboration de Debian est ouvert pour garantir que le système "
"soit de la plus haute qualité et qu'il reflète les besoins de l'ensemble des "
"utilisateurs. En impliquant des gens d'une grande variété de savoirs et "
"d'horizons, Debian peut être développée de manière modulaire. Ces composants "
"sont de haute qualité, car les personnes dotées d'une expertise dans un "
"certain domaine auront l'opportunité de construire et d'entretenir les "
"composants individuels de ce domaine. Impliquer ces gens garantit aussi que "
"des suggestions valables pour l'amélioration pourront être incorporées dans "
"la distribution pendant son développement ; de cette façon, la création "
"d'une distribution est basée sur les besoins et les désirs des utilisateurs "
"plutôt que sur les besoins et les désirs d'un constructeur. Il est très "
"difficile pour une personne seule ou un petit groupe d'anticiper ces besoins "
"et ces désirs à l'avance sans une participation directe d'autres personnes."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2666
msgid ""
"Debian Linux will also be distributed on physical media by the Free Software "
"Foundation and the Debian Linux Association.  This provides Debian to users "
"without access to the Internet or FTP and additionally makes products and "
"services such as printed manuals and technical support available to all "
"users of the system.  In this way, Debian may be used by many more "
"individuals and organizations than is otherwise possible, the focus will be "
"on providing a first-class product and not on profits or returns, and the "
"margin from the products and services provided may be used to improve the "
"software itself for all users whether they paid to obtain it or not."
msgstr ""
"Debian Linux sera aussi distribuée sur support physique par la « Free "
"Software Foundation » et « l'association Debian Linux ». Ainsi, Debian sera "
"accessible aux utilisateurs sans accès à Internet ou FTP et offrira des "
"produits et des services tels que manuels imprimés et assistance technique à "
"tous les utilisateurs du système. De cette manière, Debian pourra être "
"utilisée par beaucoup plus de personnes et d'organisations qu'il ne serait "
"possible autrement, le but étant d'offrir un produit de qualité et non des "
"profits, et les bénéfices des produits et des services offerts pourront être "
"utilisés pour améliorer le logiciel lui-même pour tous les utilisateurs "
"qu'ils aient payé ou non pour l'obtenir."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2677
msgid ""
"The Free Software Foundation plays an extremely important role in the future "
"of Debian.  By the simple fact that they will be distributing it, a message "
"is sent to the world that Linux is not a commercial product and that it "
"never should be, but that this does not mean that Linux will never be able "
"to compete commercially.  For those of you who disagree, I challenge you to "
"rationalize the success of GNU Emacs and GCC, which are not commercial "
"software but which have had quite an impact on the commercial market "
"regardless of that fact."
msgstr ""
"La « Free Software Foundation » joue un rôle extrêmement important pour le "
"futur de Debian. Par le simple fait qu'elle le distribuera, un message est "
"envoyé au monde : Linux n'est pas un produit commercial et il ne le sera "
"jamais, mais cela ne veut pas dire que Linux ne sera jamais capable de "
"rivaliser commercialement. Pour ceux d'entre vous qui ne sont pas d'accord, "
"je vous demande d'observer le succès du GNU Emacs et de GCC, qui ne sont pas "
"des produits commerciaux mais qui ont eu malgré cela un impact certain sur "
"le marché commercial."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:2686
msgid ""
"The time has come to concentrate on the future of Linux rather than on the "
"destructive goal of enriching oneself at the expense of the entire Linux "
"community and its future.  The development and distribution of Debian may "
"not be the answer to the problems that I have outlined in the Manifesto, but "
"I hope that it will at least attract enough attention to these problems to "
"allow them to be solved."
msgstr ""
"Le temps est venu de se concentrer sur le futur de Linux plutôt que sur le "
"but destructeur d'enrichir quelqu'un au détriment de la communauté Linux "
"tout entière et de son avenir. Le développement et la distribution de Debian "
"ne sont peut-être pas la réponse aux problèmes que j'ai soulignés dans ce "
"manifeste, mais j'espère qu'elle attirera au moins suffisamment l'attention "
"sur ces problèmes pour permettre de les résoudre."

#, fuzzy
#~| msgid ""
#~| "Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) was released June 17th, 2017."
#~ msgid "Debian 12 <emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis> (June 10th, 2023): FIXME"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) fut publiée le 17 juin 2017."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "This document is primarily maintained by Bdale Garbee "
#~ "<email>bdale@debian.org</email>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ce document est actuellement maintenu principalement par Bdale Garbee "
#~ "<email>bdale@debian.org</email>."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "With this release Debian for the first time included a mandatory access "
#~ "control framework enabled per default (AppArmor). It was also the first "
#~ "Debian release to ship with Rust based programs such as Firefox, ripgrep, "
#~ "fd, exa, etc.  and a significant number of Rust based libraries (more "
#~ "than 450)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Avec cette version, Debian a pour la première fois inclus un cadriciel de "
#~ "contrôle d’accès obligatoire, activé par défaut (AppArmor). C’est aussi "
#~ "la première version de Debian livrée avec des applications programmées en "
#~ "Rust comme Firefox, ripgrep, fd, exa, etc. et un nombre conséquent de "
#~ "bibliothèques basées sur Rust (plus de 450)."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The <ulink url=\"http://debian-counting.libresoft.es/potato/\";>raw "
#~ "statistics data</ulink> for Potato are also available at <ulink "
#~ "url=\"http://debian-counting.libresoft.es/\";>Debian counting site</"
#~ "ulink>, as well as papers analyzing later releases."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Les <ulink url=\"https://debian-counting.libresoft.es/potato/\";>données "
#~ "statistiques brutes</ulink> pour Potato sont aussi disponibles sur le "
#~ "<ulink url=\"https://debian-counting.libresoft.es/\";>site de comptage de "
#~ "Debian</ulink>, ainsi que des études analysant les versions suivantes."

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